Chapter 11 Questions

Front 1

What type of stuides are typically quantitative?

Back 1

Clinical trials
Evaluation research
Outcomes research
Surveys

Front 2

What type of studies can be quantitative or qualitative?

Back 2

Case Studies
Secondary Analyses
Methodologic Research

Front 3

Studies that develop clinical interventions and test their effectiveness are?

Back 3

Clinical trials

Front 4

Phase 1 of a Full Clinical Trial

Back 4

Finalizes the intervention. Typically uses pre experimental design. Focuses on developing the best possible treatment

Front 5

Phase 2 of a Full Clinical Trial

Back 5

Seeks preliminary evidence of effectiveness. Often considered pilot test of treatment.

Front 6

Phase III of a Full Clinical Trial

Back 6

fully tests the treatment via a randomized clinical trial (RCT); often multi-site. Objective is to determine the efficacy of the innovation compared to the standard treatment or an alternative counterfactual.

Front 7

Phase IV of a Full Clinical Trial

Back 7

Focuses on long-term consequences of the intervention. Includes both benefits and side effects. May use nonexperimental, pre-experimental, or quasi-experimental design.

Front 8

What type of research examines how well a specific program, practice, procedure, or policy is working?

Back 8

Evaluation Research

Front 9

__________are sometimes evaluations of an intervention or program.

Back 9

Clinical trials

Front 10

Can some ecaluations be clinical trials?

Back 10

Yes

Front 11

What are the four types of evaluations?

Back 11

1.Process or Implementation Analysis
2.Outcome Analysis
3.Impact Analysis
4.Cost-Benefit Analysis

Front 12

What type of evaluation yields descriptive information about process of implenmenting a new program and about how a program operates?

Back 12

Process or Implementation Analysis

Front 13

What type of evaluation seeks preliminary evidence about program success and tends to be descriptive commonly using before-after designs?

Back 13

Outcome Analysis

Front 14

What type of evaluation yeilds information about a program’s net effects and goals are to attribute a casual connection between outsomes and the intervention?

Back 14

Impact Analysis

Front 15

What type of evaluation asses monetary consequences of a program and is typically done in connection with impact analysis and phase III of clinical trials?

Back 15

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Front 16

What type of research is designed to document the quality and effectiveness of health care and nursing services?

Back 16

Outcomes Research

Front 17

Tools of Outcomes Research include:

Back 17

Classification systems and taxonomies of nursing actions and diagnoses (e.g., NANDA) and patient outcomes (e.g., NOC)

Front 18

Outcomes research overlaps with evaluation research. How is outcomes research different?

Back 18

It is a more global assessment of health care services.

Front 19

What type of research Obtains information (via self-reports) on the prevalence, distribution, and interrelations of variables in a population and ii. Collect information on people’s actions, knowledge, intentions, opinions, and attitudes?

Back 19

Survey Research

Front 20

What are self reports?

Back 20

Respondents answering questions posed by researchers

Front 21

Are surveys better suited to extensive rather or intensive analysis?

Back 21

Extensive analysis

Front 22

What are the modes of collecting survey data?

Back 22

1. Personal (face-to-face) interviews
2. Telephone interviews
3. Self-administered questionnaires
4. Internet (web) surveys

Front 23

Personal (face-to-face) interviews

Back 23

interviewers meet in person with respondant. these are rather costly because of the time it requires.

Front 24

What is the best method of collecting survey data.

Back 24

Personal (face-to-face) interviews

Front 25

Telephone Interviews

Back 25

Less costly and less effectivemethod of gather survey data. convient way is interviewer is short, specific, and not too personnal.

Front 26

Telephone intervies may be difficult for what two groups of people? Why?

Back 26

Low-income people because they do not always have a tlelphone and the elders because they may have hearing problems.

Front 27

Self-administered questionnaires

Back 27

Economical but not appropriate for some groups of people such as children and elders. Generally distributed through the mail.

Front 28

Can surveys be distributed on the internet?

Back 28

Yes

Front 29

What is an in-depth investigations of a single entity or small number of entities (people, groups, communities where researchers obtain a wealth of descriptive information and may examine relationships among different phenomena or examine trends over time?

Back 29

Case Studies

Front 30

What is the biggest criticism concerns of case studies?

Back 30

Generalizability

Front 31

Studies that use previously gathered data to address new questions is?

Back 31

Secondary Analysis

Front 32

What makes Secondary Analysis cost effecitve?

Back 32

Useing existing data because data collection is the most time consuming and expensive part of research.

Front 33

What type of research investigatesof the methods of obtaining, organizing, and analyzing data and addresses the development, validation, and evaluation of research tools or methods?

Back 33

Methodologic Research

Front 34

What do qualitative methodologic issues arise from?

Back 34

The context substantive study rather than having a study originate as a purely methodologic endeavor

Front 35

What do quantitative methodologic studies focus on?

Back 35

On instrument development and testing

Front 36

Testing the effectiveness of stipends in facilitating recruitment would be an example of what type of research?

Back 36

Qualitative Methodologic Research

Front 37

Research designs that blend qualitative and quantitative data and strategies in a single study or coordinated set of studies are?

Back 37

Multimethod (Mixed Method) Research

Front 38

What are some advantages of Multimethod Research?

Back 38

Complementarity- represents words and numbers
Incrementality-progress on a topic relys on multiple feedback loops
Enhanced validity- researcher can be more confident when hypothesis or models are supported by multiple types of data
Creating new frontiers-inconsistant findings with the two can lead to insight that can push a line of inquiry even further

Front 39

What are the applications of Multimethod Research? (What are the goals)

Back 39

Instrument development
Hypothesis generation and testing
Illustration, clarification, and amplification
Understanding relationships and causal processes
Theory building, testing, and refinement

Front 40

What are 3 common strategies to the mixed method? (How researchers combine qualitative and quantitative methods)

Back 40

~Adding qualitative methods to a survey
~Embedding quantitative measures into an ethnography
~Embedding qualitative approaches into a clinical trial or evaluation