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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
earthquake
vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault
epicenter
point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus
fault
surface along which rocks move when they pass their elastic limit and break
focus
in an earthquake, the point below the Earth's surface where energy is released in the form of seismic waves
liquefaction
occurs when wet soil acts more like a liquid during an earthquake
magnitude
measure of the energy released during an earthquake
normal fault
break in a rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface moves down relative to the rock below the fault surface
primary wave
seismic wave that moves rock particles back-and-forth in the same direction that the wave travels
reverse fault
break in a rock caused by compressive forces, where rock above the fault surface moves upward relative to the rock below the fault surface
secondary wave
seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave
seismic wave
wave generated by an earthquake
seismograph
instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time each arrived
strike-slip faults
break in rock caused by shear forces, where rocks moved past each other without much vertical movement
surface wave
seismic wave that moves rock particles up-and-down in a backward rolling motion and side-to-side in a swaying motion
tsunami
seismic wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore