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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
earthquake
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vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault
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epicenter
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point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus
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fault
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surface along which rocks move when they pass their elastic limit and break
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focus
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in an earthquake, the point below the Earth's surface where energy is released in the form of seismic waves
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liquefaction
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occurs when wet soil acts more like a liquid during an earthquake
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magnitude
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measure of the energy released during an earthquake
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normal fault
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break in a rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface moves down relative to the rock below the fault surface
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primary wave
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seismic wave that moves rock particles back-and-forth in the same direction that the wave travels
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reverse fault
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break in a rock caused by compressive forces, where rock above the fault surface moves upward relative to the rock below the fault surface
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secondary wave
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seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave
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seismic wave
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wave generated by an earthquake
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seismograph
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instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time each arrived
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strike-slip faults
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break in rock caused by shear forces, where rocks moved past each other without much vertical movement
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surface wave
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seismic wave that moves rock particles up-and-down in a backward rolling motion and side-to-side in a swaying motion
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tsunami
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seismic wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore
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