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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personnel employed by a fire alarm system company usually design modern detection and alarm systems |
Fire Protection engineers or technical personnel |
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Testing organization certify the use of system for specific conditions and list them as approved |
UL or FM Global |
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National Fire Alarm Code |
NFPA 72 |
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FACP meaning |
Fire Alarm Control Panel |
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Responsible for Processing signals from detection devices and transmitting them to the local or other alarm system alerting devices such as audible and visual alarm devices or an alarm monitoring location |
Fire Alarm Control Panel |
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Electric power sources provided for the fire detection and alarm system must be |
adequate for the capacity of the system design |
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Building's main public electricity connection must be connected |
at a fire detection and alarm system dedicated branch circuit |
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The primary electric power supply circuit |
must be mechanically protected, marked in red, and accessible only to authorized personnel; permanently identified |
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The secondary system must be able to make the fire detection and alarm system fully operational within |
30 seconds of the main power supply's failure |
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Secondary power source must consist of |
Storage battery and Charger Engine driven generator and a 4 hr capacity storage battery Multiple engine-driven generators, one must always be set for automatic starting |
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FACP sends signals two ways |
Hard wire; generated signal conveyed by radio wave over a special frequency to a radio receiver in the panel |
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Alarm initiating devices |
Manuel pull Stations Heat Detectors Smoke Detectors Flame Detectors Fire-Gas detectors Combination Detectors Water flow Devices Tamper Switches |
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Local notification or signaling devices |
Bells Buzzers Horns Recorded voice messages Strobe lights Speakers Other warning appliances |
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Most common type of alarm signaling systems used for signaling a fire in a structure |
Audible notification signaling appliances |
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Two factors that affect the performance |
its ability to alert and its ability to convey information |
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Continuously monitor the atmosphere of a building, compartment, or area |
Automatic alarm-initiating devices/detectors |
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Four basic types of automatic alarm initiating devices |
Fixed Temperature and Rate of Rise |
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Inexpensive, least prone to false activations, slowest type of system to activate, oldest in service |
Fixed Temperature Heat Detectors |
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In order to restore the fusible link |
The frangible bulb or the entire detector must be replaced |
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Bimetallic heat detector |
Uses types of metal that have different heat expansions One metal expands faster than the other and causes the combined strip to arch when subjected to heat
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Amount that bimetallic heat detector metal arches depend |
Characteristics of the metals, amount of heat they are exposed to, degree of arch present when in normal positions |
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When heat is applied to the bimetallic detectors |
Expansion causes the bow to snap in the opposite direction |
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How are bimetallic detectors reset |
Automatic-resetting type |
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Spot style detector |
Detect conditions only at the spot where they are located |
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Fixed Temp Heat Devices must be |
Color coded and marked with their listed operating temperatures |
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Continuous Line Device |
Used to detect conditions over a wide area |
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Consists of a conductive metal liner core cable that is sheathed in stainless steel tubing Restores itself when the level of heat is reduced |
1st Continuous-Line Heat |
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Uses two wires that are each insulated and bundled within an outer covering Fused portion of the wires must be removed and replaced |
2nd Continuous-Line Heat |
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Rate of Rise Heat Detector |
Designed to operate on the principle that fires rapidly increase the temperature in a given area |
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Rate of Rise Detectors characteristics |
Reliable and not subject to false activations |
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Avoiding improper placement of heat detectors |
prevents false activations |
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Rate of Rise heat detectors reset how |
Automatically |
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Pneumatic rate of rise line heat detector |
Monitor large areas of a building; metal pneumatic tubing arranged over a wide area of coverage Arranged in rows that are not more than 30 ft apart and 15 ft from walls Tubing limited to 1,000 |
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Pneumatic rate of rise Spot |
Operates the same as the line Difference between the two is the spot heat detector is self contained in one unit that monitors a specific location |
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Rate Compensation |
Designed for use in areas that are subject to regular temperatures changes, but at rates that are slower than those of fire conditions |
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Electronic Spot Type |
Consists of one or more thermistors that produce a marked change in electrical resistance when exposed to heat. |
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About 65% of fire deaths |
Attributed to smoke inhalation and not to burns |
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Smoke and toxic gases spread |
Farther and faster than the heat from flames
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A photoelectric smoke detector/Visible products of combustion smoke detector |
Best suited for living rooms, bedrooms, and kitchens |
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Projected beam application |
Uses a beam of light focused across the area being monitored onto a photoelectric-receiving device such as photodiode |
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Mount projected beam application smoke detectors |
On stable stationary surface; movement can cause the light beams to misalign |
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Refractory application smoke detectors |
Uses a beam of light from a light emitting diode that passes through a small chamber at a point distance from the light source |
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Ionization smoke detector |
Contains a sensing chamber consisting of two electrically charged plates and a radioactive source for ionizing the air between the plates |
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Air Sampling smoke detector |
Type of ionization smoke detector that is designed to continuously monitor a small amount of air from the protected area for the presence of smoke particles |
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Most common type of air sampling detector |
Cloud-chamber type |
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Flame Detector/Referred to as light detector types |
UV and IR and both |
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Fastest to respond to fires, easily tripped by nonfire conditions as welding, sunlight, and other bright light sources |
Flame Detectors |
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Infrared detector used to monitor |
Large areas such as aircraft hangar or computer room |
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IR detector designed to respond |
1 sq ft of fire from a distance of 50 feet |
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Only practical to monitor |
CO2 and CO for fire detection purposes |
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Order of Fire Gas Detectors |
Smoke, Fire/Gas, Heat |
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Combination Devices |
Fixed-rate/rate of rise; Heat/smoke detectors, smoke/fire gas |
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Water Flow Devices |
Designed to activate a gong or bell when water begins to flow through the sprinkler system |
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Tamper Switches |
Devices used to supervise automatic sprinkler systems; designed to monitor the main water shutoff valve that supplies the sprinkler system. Purpose is to monitor the condition of the system If valve is shutoff a trouble indication is displayed |
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Manual Pull stations |
Allow occupants to manually initiate the fire alarm signaling system |
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Manual pull station appearance |
Red in color with white lettering |
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Pull station should be mounted on walls so that the operable part is |
no less than 3 1/2 feet and no more than 4 1/2 feet above the floor |
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Manuel pull station travel distance |
no more than 200 feet; within 5 feet of every exit |
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Single action pull station |
Operates after a single motion is made by the user |
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Double Action pull station |
Requires the operator to perform two steps in order to initiate an alarm |
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Alarm Signaling Systems |
Quickly alert occupants and emergency response organizations to the presence of fire |
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Emergency voice/alarm communications |
Used to notify occupants of an emergency and direct them in the proper course of action |
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Parallel telephone |
Used to connect fire alarm boxes or protected occupancies directly to the fire dept |
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Protected premises (local) alarm system |
designed to transmit both a visible and an audible alarm only within the immediate premises Alert the building's occupants and to ensure their life safety
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Noncoded System |
Simplest type of local alarm; all alarm signaling devices operate simultaneously Operates until the panel is reset Practical in small occupancies |
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Zoned/Annunciated Alarm |
Enables Emergency responders to identify the general location of a fire more quickly and accurately |
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Zone indicating system |
Causes the signaling devices to sound in a specific and unique pattern for each zone |
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Addressable Alarm System |
Most effective and prevalent Has each alarm initiating device connected to a specific visible indicator on the FACP FF can pinpoint the specific device activated |
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Auxiliary Alarm System |
Connected to a municipal fire alarm system Transmitted over this system to a public fire telecommunications center |
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Local energy fire alarm system |
Has its own source of power and does not depend on the supply source that powers the entire municipal fire alarm system |
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Shunt System |
Electrically connected to an integral part of the municipal fire alarm system and depends on the municipal system's source of electric power Fire detection devices are not permitted on a shunt system |
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Propriety System |
Used to protect large commercial and industrial buildings, high-rise structures, and groups of commonly owned facilities such as a college campus or industrial complex in a single location |
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Central Station |
Monitored by a contracted service; receiving point for alarms is located outside the protected premises Sells its service to many customers |
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Remote Receiving |
Common localities that are not served by central station systems; usually a leased telephone line |
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Emergency voice/Alarm Communication purpose |
Provide a reliable communications system for residents and firefighters |
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One way system |
Warn building occupants that action is needed and tells them what actions to take |
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Two way system |
Allows people at other locations in the building to communicate with the person at the main control station using either intercom controls or special telephones |
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Parallel Telephone system |
Consists of dedicated telephone line between each individual alarm box or protected property and the fire dept telecommunications center |
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Acceptance Test |
Conducted when systems are installed |
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Service Testing |
Periodic testing |
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Representatives of the owner/occupant or alarm system contracts |
Perform system tests and maintenance |
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Acceptance Testing |
Performed soon after the system has been installed to ensure it meets design criteria and functions properly |
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Alarm and trouble modes of system operation |
Check actual wiring and circuitry against the system drawing to ensure that all are connected properly |
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Fire Alarm Control Panel |
Operate all interactive controls at the FACP to ensure that they control the system as designed. Inspect thoroughly to ensure the FACP is in proper working condition |
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Alarm-initiating and Signaling devices and circuits |
Check all items for proper operation. Test pull stations, detectors, bells, strobe lights, etc. to ensure that they are operational. Test each initiating device to ensure that it sends an appropriate signal and causes the system to go into the alarm mode |
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Power Supplies |
Operate the system on both the primary and secondary power supplies to ensure that both will supply the system adequately |
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Used to test restorable heat detectors |
Hair Dryers or electric heat guns |
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Nonrestorable pneumatic detectors should be tested |
Mechanically |
