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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Aorta
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Largest artery in the body
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Arteriole
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Small artery
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Artery
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Largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
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Artery = Away
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Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His)
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Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them.
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Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
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Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria; carries electrical impulses from the SA Node to the Bundle of His
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Atrium (Atria)
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One of two upper chambers of the heart
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Capillary
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Smallest blood vessel; passes materials to and from the bloodstream
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
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Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation
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Coronary Arteries
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Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carrry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
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Deoxygenated Blood
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Blood that is oxygen-poor
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Diastole
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Relaxation phase of the heartbeat. from the Greek diastole, dilation
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Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
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Record of the electricity flowing through the heart; electricity is represented by waves or deflections
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Endocardium
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Inner lining of the heart
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Endothelium
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Innermost lining of blood vessels
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Mitral Valve
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Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve
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Murmur
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Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves
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Myocardium
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Muscular, middle layer of the heart
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Normal Sinus Rhythm
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Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a resting rate of 60 to 100 BPM
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Oxygen
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Gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells
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Pacemaker
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Specialized nervous tissue that begins the heartbeat
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Pericardium
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Double-Layered membrane surrounding the heart
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Pulmonary Artery
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Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
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Pulmonary Circulation
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Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
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Pulmonary Valve
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Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
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Pulmonary Vein
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One of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
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Pulse
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Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
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Septum (Septa)
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Partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) or the right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)
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Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
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Pacemaker of the heart
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Sphygmomanometer
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Instrument to measure blood pressure
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Systemic Circulation
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Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues
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Systole
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Contraction phase of the heartbeat; from the Greek systole, a contraction
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Tricuspid Valve
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Located between the right atrium and the righ ventricle; it has three leaflets/cusps
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Valve
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Structure in veins or in the heart that temporarilt closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction
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Vein
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Thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart. Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
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Vena Cava (Venae Cavae)
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Largest vein in the body; the superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrim of the heart
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Ventricle
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One of two lower chambers of the heart
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Venule
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Small vein
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Angi/o
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Vessel
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Angiogram, Angioplasty
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Aort/o
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aorta
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Aortic Stenosis
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Arter/o, Arteri/o
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Artery
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Arteriosclerosis, Arterial Anastomosis, Arteriography, Endarterectomy
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Ather/o
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Yellowish plaque, fatty substance
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Greek ATHERE means porridge; atheroma, atherosclerosis, atherectomy
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Atri/o
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Atrium, upper heart chamber
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Atrial, Atrioventricular
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Brachi/o
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Arm
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Brachial Artery
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Cardi/o
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Heart
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cadiomegaly, cardiomyopathy
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Cholesterol/o
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cholesterol (a lipid substance)
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hypercholesterolemia
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Coron/o
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Heart
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coronary arteries
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Cyan/o
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blue
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cyanosis
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Myx/o
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Mucus
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Myxoma
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Ox/o
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oxygen
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hypoxia
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Pericardi/o
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Pericardium
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pericardiocentesis
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Phleb/o
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vein
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phlebotomy
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rrhythm/o
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rhythm
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arrhythmia, dysrythmia
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Sphygm/o
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Pulse
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sphygmomanometer
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Steth/o
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Chest
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Stethoscope
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Thromb/o
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Clot
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Thrombolysis
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Valvul/o, Valv/o
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Valve
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valvuloplasty
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Vas/o
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Vessel
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vasoconstriction, vasodilation
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Vascul/o
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vessel
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vascular
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Ven/o, Ven/i
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vein
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venous, venipuncture
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Ventricul/o
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Ventricle, lower heart chamber
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interventricular
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Arrhythmias
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Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias)
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Bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)
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Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA Node through the AV Node to the Bundle of His
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Type of Arrythmia
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Flutter
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Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria
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Type of Arryhthmia
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Fibrillation
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Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350+ BPM)
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Type of Arrhythmia
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Congenital Heart Disease
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Abnormalities in the heart at birth
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Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)
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Narrowing of the aorta
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Type of congenital heart disease
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
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Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth
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Type of congenital heart disease
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Septal Defects
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Small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles
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Type of congenital heart disease
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects (1. Pulmonary artery stenosis; 2. ventricular septal defect; 3. shift of the aorta to the right; 4. hypertrophy of the right ventricle)
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Type of congenital heart disease
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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
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Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
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Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
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Endocarditis
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Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
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Hypertensive Heart Disease
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High blood pressure affecting the heart
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Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
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Improper closure of the mitral valve
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Mumur
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Extra heart sound, hear between normal beats
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Pericarditis
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Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart
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Rheumatic Heart Disease
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Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
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Aneurysm
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Local widening of an arterial wall
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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
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Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb
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Hypertension (HTN)
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High blood pressure
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Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
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Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs
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Raynaud Disease
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Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
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Varicose Veins
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Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs
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Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACSs)
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Unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack), which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries
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Angina (Pectoris)
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Chest pain resulting form myocardial ischemia. Stable angina occurs predictably with exertion; unstable angina is chest pain that occurs more often and with less exertion
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Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
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Antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, causing blood vessels to dilate. It prevents heart attacks, CHF, stroke, and death
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Auscultation
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Listening for sounds in blood vesselsor other body structures, typically using a stethoscope.
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Beta-Blocker
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drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arryhthmias. it blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) at receptor sites on cells, slowing the heartbeat and reducing the workload on the heart
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Biventricular Pacemaker
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Device enabling ventricles to beat together so that more blood is pumped out of the heart
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Bruit
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Abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ
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Calcium Channel Blocker
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drug used to treat angina and hypertension. it dilates blood vessels by blocking the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels
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Cardiac Arrest
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Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action; sudden cardiac death
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Cardiac Tamponade
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Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
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Claudication
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Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest
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Digoxin
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drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat
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Embolus (Emboli)
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Clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
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Infarction
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Area of dead tissue
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Nitrates
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Drugs used in the treatment of Angina. they dilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue
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Nitroglycerin
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Nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina
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Occlusion
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Closure of a blood vessel due to blockage
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Palpitations
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Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
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Patent
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Open
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Pericardial Friction Rub
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scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart; suggestive of pericarditis
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Petechiae
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Small, pinpoint hemorrhages
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Statins
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Drugs that lower cholesterol in the bloodstream
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Thrill
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Vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow (as a blocked artery)
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Vegetations |
Clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves
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BNP test
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Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in blood
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A laboratory test
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Cardiac Biomarkers
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Chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
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lab test
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Lipid Tests (Lipid Profile)
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Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample
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a lab test
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Lipoprotein Electrophoresis
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Lipoproteins (combo. of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample
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a lab test
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Angiography
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X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
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a diagnostic clinical procedure
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Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
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3D x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography (CT)
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)
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Video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT or EBT)
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Electron Beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD
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Diagnostic clinical procedure
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Doppler Ultrasound studies
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sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Echocardiography (ECHO) |
Echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan
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Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Scan
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Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi (radioactive tracer compound) injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Thallium 201 Scan
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Concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Cardiac MRI
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Images of the heart are procuded using radiowave energy in a magnetic field
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Cardiac Catheterization
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Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Electrocardiography (ECG)
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recording of electricity flowing through the heart
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Holter Monitoring
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An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Stress Test
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Exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart's response to physical exertion (stress)
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diagnostic clinical procedure
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Catheter Ablation
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brief delivery of a radiofrequency or cryosurgery to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias
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treating clinical procedure
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Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
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arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
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treating clinical procedure
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Defibrillation
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brief discharges or electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation)
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treating clinical procedure
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Endarterectomy
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Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
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treating clinical procedure
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Extracorporeal Circulation
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Heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired
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treating clinical procedure
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Heart Transplantation
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A donor heart is transferred to a recipient
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treating clinical procedure
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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
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Balloon-Tipped Catheter is insterted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place
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treating clinical procedure
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Thrombolytic Therapy
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drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis
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treating clinical procedure
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