Chapter 11

Front 1

cognition

Back 1

process of thought - including reasoning, judgment & perception; thinking, feeling & remembering

Front 2

nerve impulse

Back 2

electrical signal transmitted along the nerve fiber in response to a stimulus

Front 3

neurotransmitters

Back 3

chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells (neurons)

Front 4

peripheral

Back 4

pertaining to the outside, surface, or surrounding area of an organ or structure or occurring away from its center

Front 5

traumatic

Back 5

caused by or pertaining to an injury

Front 6

vascul

Back 6

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

Front 7

vascular

Back 7

pertaining to or composed of blood vessels

Front 8

neurology

Back 8

branch of medicine concerned w/diagnosis & treatment of disease of the nervous system, which include the brain, spinal cord & peripheral nerves

Front 9

Nervous system

Back 9

controls voluntary & involuntary movements as well as some organ & gland functioning, also controls processes of cognition.

Front 10

Neurologist

Back 10

detects, diagnoses, & treats symptoms & disorders that indicate an impairment of any function of the nervous system including but not limited to: vascular problems, infections, inflammation, tumors, degenerative neuromuscular disorders & traumatic brain or spinal cord injury

Front 11

neurosurgery

Back 11

the branch of surgery involving the nervous system, including the brain & spinal cord.

Front 12

neurosurgeon

Back 12

physician who specializes in neurosurgery

Front 13

CNS

Back 13

central nervous system

Front 14

central nervous system

Back 14

consists of the brain & spinal cord & is the control center of the body

Front 15

PNS

Back 15

peripheral nervous system

Front 16

peripheral nervous system

Back 16

consists of the peripheral nerves, which include the cranial nerves and spinal nerves; connects the CNS to remote body parts to relay & receive messages & its autonomic nerves regulate involuntary functions of the internal organs

Front 17

cranial nerves

Back 17

emerging from the base of the skull

Front 18

spinal nerves

Back 18

emerging from the spinal cord

Front 19

neurons

Back 19

basic structural & functional units of the nervous system; grouped into bundles of nerves or nerve tracts that carry electrical messages throughout the body

Front 20

Function of neurons

Back 20

perception of sensory stimuli, learning, memory & control of protection

Front 21

neurotransmitters

Back 21

assist in transmitting messages between neurons

Front 22

Neuroglia

Back 22

do not carry messages; perform the functions of support & protection; common source of tumors in the nervous system

Front 23

Function of Neuroglia

Back 23

supporting network, bind nervous tissue to supporting structures & attach neurons to blood vessels; small glial cells are phagocytic & protect the CNS from disease

Front 24

encephal/o

Back 24

brain

Front 25

interbrain

Back 25

diencephalon

Front 26

thalam/o

Back 26

thalamus

Front 27

dienceophalon

Back 27

thalamus & hypothalmus

Front 28

pituitar/o

Back 28

pituaitary gland

Front 29

myel/o

Back 29

spinal cord

Front 30

medull/o

Back 30

medulla

Front 31

cerebell/o

Back 31

cerebellum

Front 32

cerebr/o

Back 32

cerebrum

Front 33

spin

Back 33

spine

Front 34

cerebrospinal

Back 34

pertaining to the brain & spine or spinal cord

Front 35

gli/o

Back 35

glue; neuroglial tissue

Front 36

nening/o

Back 36

meninges

Front 37

meninges

Back 37

membranes covering brain & spinal cord

Front 38

-cele

Back 38

hernia, swelling

Front 39

meningi/o

Back 39

meninges

Front 40

myel/o

Back 40

bone marrow; spinal cord

Front 41

neur/o

Back 41

nerve

Front 42

-algia

Back 42

pain

Front 43

-lepsy

Back 43

seizure

Front 44

-phasia

Back 44

speech

Front 45

dys-

Back 45

bad, painful, difficult

Front 46

hemi-

Back 46

one half

Front 47

-paresis

Back 47

partial paralysis

Front 48

para-

Back 48

near; beside; beyond

Front 49

quadri-

Back 49

four

Front 50

ALS

Back 50

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Front 51

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Back 51

degenerative disorder that manifests in adulthood with symptoms of difficulty in swallowing & talking, dyspnea, muscle weakness & paralysis; Lou Gehrig disease

Front 52

dementia

Back 52

Progressive, irreversible deterioration of mental function marked by memory impairment & commonly, deficits in reasoning, judgment, abstract though, comprehension, learning, task execution, & use of language

Front 53

Alzheimer Disease

Back 53

Chronic, organic brain syndrome characterized by death of neurons in the cerebral cortex & their replacement by microscopic "plaques," which results in dementia that progresses to complete loss of mental, emotional, and physical functioning & personality changes

Front 54

epilepsy

Back 54

Disorder that results from generation of electrical signals inside the brain, causing recurring seizures in which some people simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, whereas others have extreme convulsions

Front 55

Huntington Chrorea

Back 55

Inherited, degenerative disease of the CNS w/symptoms developing in middle age as nerve cells in the brain waste away, resulting in uncontrolled bizarre movements, emotional disturbances, and mental deterioration

Front 56

hydro

Back 56

water

Front 57

cephal

Back 57

head

Front 58

hydrocephalus

Back 58

Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain that is most common in neonates, but can also occur in adults as a result of injury or disease; if left untreated, causes an enlarged head & cognitive decline

Front 59

MS

Back 59

Multiple sclerosis

Front 60

Multiple sclerosis

Back 60

Progressive degenerative disease of the CNS characterized by inflammation, hardening, & loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord & brain, which produces weakness & other muscular symptoms

Front 61

blast

Back 61

embryonic

Front 62

neuroblastoma

Back 62

Malignant tumor composed mainly of cells resembling neuroblasts that occurs most commonly in infants & children

Front 63

neurosis

Back 63

Nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress & anxiety & impairs normal behavior

Front 64

palsy

Back 64

Partial or complete loss of motor function; paralysis

Front 65

Bell Palsy

Back 65

Facial paralysis on one side of the face as a result of inflammation of a facial nerve

Front 66

Cerebral Palsy

Back 66

B/L, symmetrical, non-progressive motor dysfunction & partial paralysis, which is usually caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth trauma but can also be hereditary

Front 67

para-

Back 67

near, beside; beyond

Front 68

paralysis

Back 68

Loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or both as a result of spinal cord injury

Front 69

Parkinson Disease

Back 69

Progressive neurological disorder caused by a neurotransmitter deficiency (dopamine) that affects the portion of the brain responsible for controlling movement & results in hand tremors; uncontrollable head nodding; shuffling gait; difficulty talking, swallowing, or completing simple tasks

Front 70

poli/o

Back 70

gray; gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)

Front 71

poliomyelitis

Back 71

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal & muscle deformity & paralysis

Front 72

psych/o

Back 72

Mind

Front 73

psychosis

Back 73

Mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; often w/delusions & hallucinations

Front 74

sciatica

Back 74

Severe pain int he leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, which travels from the hip to the foot

Front 75

shingles

Back 75

Chronic viral disease in which painful blisters appear on the skin along the course of a peripheral nerve that is caused by inflammation secondary to herpes zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox

Front 76

spina bifida

Back 76

Congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord & meninges may or may not protrude

Front 77

spina bifida occulta

Back 77

Most common & least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges

Front 78

spina bifida cystica

Back 78

More severe type of spina bifida that involves protrusion of the meninges (meningocele), spinal cord (myelocele), or both (meningomyelocele)

Front 79

stroke

Back 79

Inadequate supply of blood & oxygen tot he brain due to a clot or ruptured blood vessel (hemorrhage), which allows brain tissue t die & becomes a medical emergency; cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Front 80

TIA

Back 80

Transient ischemic attack

Front 81

Transient ischemic attack

Back 81

Interruption in blood supply to the brain that does not cause permanent brain damage but may be an indication of a higher risk of a more serious & debilitating condition (stroke); ministroke

Front 82

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

Back 82

Lab test that examines a sample of CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture, which is analyzed for the presence of blood, bacteria & malignant cells as well as for the amount of protein & glucose present

Front 83

EEG

Back 83

Electroencephalography

Front 84

Electroencephalography

Back 84

Electrodes are placed on the scalp to record electrical activity w/in the brain; used to evaluate seizure & sleep disorders & periods of unconsciousness, monitor brain surgeries & determine whether a person is in a coma or brain dead

Front 85

LP

Back 85

Lumbar Puncture

Front 86

lumb

Back 86

loins (lower back)

Front 87

lumbar puncture

Back 87

Insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column to withdraw a sample of CSF used for biochemical, microbiological, & cytological laboratory analysis; spinal tap/puncture

Front 88

crani/o

Back 88

cranium (skull)

Front 89

-tomy

Back 89

incision

Front 90

craniotomy

Back 90

surgical procedure that creates an opening in the skull to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures

Front 91

thalamotomy

Back 91

partial destruction of the thalamus to treat psychosis or intractable pain

Front 92

trephination

Back 92

excision of a circular disk of bone using a specialized saw called a trephine to reveal brain tissue during neurosurgery, or to relieve intracranial pressure

Front 93

ICP

Back 93

intracranial pressure

Front 94

anestehetics

Back 94

Produce partial or complete loss of sensation w/or w/out loss of consciousness

Front 95

general anestehetics

Back 95

Produce complete loss of feeling w/loss of consciousness

Front 96

local anestehetics

Back 96

Produce loss of feeling & affect at a local area only

Front 97

anticonvulsants

Back 97

Prevent or control seizures

Front 98

antiparkinsonian agents

Back 98

Reduce signs & symptoms associated w/parkinson disease

Front 99

antipsychotics

Back 99

Alter neurotransmitters in the brain to alleviate symptoms of delusions & hallucinations

Front 100

thrombolytics

Back 100

Dissolve blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis

Front 101

TN

Back 101

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Front 102

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Back 102

Neuropathic pain syndrome that involves the facial area stimulated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V); results in flashes of pain radiating along the course of the nerve and is the most common cause of facial pain; produces U/L abrupt, brief, but severe pain which becomes more frequent over time

Front 103

paraplegia

Back 103

loss of motor function may be confined to the lower extremities; paralysis of the lower portion of the body & both legs; results in loss of sensory & motor control below the level of injury

Front 104

quadriplegia

Back 104

loss of motor function in all four extremities; paralysis of all 4 extremities and usually the trunk; generally results in loss of motor & sensory function below the level of injjury

Front 105

spastic

Back 105

increased muscular tension hyperactive reflexes

Front 106

flaccid

Back 106

loss of reflexes & tone

Front 107

C1, C2 & so on

Back 107

first cervical vert, second cervical vert, & so on

Front 108

CVD

Back 108

cerebrovascular disease

Front 109

MS

Back 109

mitral stenosis; musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis; mental status; magnesium sulfate

Front 110

TN

Back 110

trigeminal neuralgia