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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motivation
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the influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity and persistance of behavior
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instinct theory
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a view that explains human behavior as motivated by automatic, involuntary, and unlearned responses
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instinct
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an innate, automatic disposition toward responding in a particular way when confronted with a specific stimulus
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homeostasis
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the tendency for organisms to keep their physiological systems at a stable, steady level by constantly adjusting themselves in response to change
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drive reduction theory
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a theory of motivation stating that motivation arises from imbalances in homeostasis
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need
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a biological requirement for well-being that is created by an imbalance in homeostasis
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drive
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a psychological state of arousal created by an imbalance in homeostasis that prompts an organism to take action to restore the balance and reduce the drive
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arousal
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a general level of activation that is reflected in several physiological systems
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optimal arousal theory
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a theory of motivation stating thaat people are motivated to behave in ways that maintain what is, for them, an optimal level of arousal
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incentive theory
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a theory of motivation stating that behavior is directed toward attaining desirable stimuli and avoiding unwanted stimuli
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need achievement
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a motive influenced by the degree to which a person establishes specific goals, cares about meeting those gials and experiences feelings of satisfaction by doing so
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subjective well being
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a combination of a cognitive judgement of satisfaction with life, the frequent experiencing of positive moods and emotions, and the relatively infrequent experiencing of unpleasant moods and emotiosn
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emotion
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a transitory positive or negative experience that is felt as happening to the self, is generated in part by cognitive appraisal of a situation and is accompanied by both learned and innate physical responses
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sympathetic nervous system
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the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that usuyally prepares the organism for vigorous activity
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parasympathetic nervous system
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the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that typically influences activity related to the protection, nourishment and growth of the body
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fight-or-flight syndrome
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the physical reactions initiated by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight or to run from a threatening situation
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attribution
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the process of explaining the causes of an event
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excitation transfer
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the process of carrying over arousal from one experience to an independent situation
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james-lange theory
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emotions are created by awareness of specific patterns of peripheral responses: anger is associated with increased blood flow in the hands and feet. fear is associated with decreased blood flow in thses areas
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cannon-bard theory
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the brain generates direct experiences of emotion. stimulation of certain brain areas can create pleasant or unpleasant emotions
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cognitive (schacter-singer and lazarus)
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cognitive interpretation of events, and of physiological reactions to them, shapes emotional experiences. Autonomic arousal can be experienced as anxiety or excitment, depending on how it is labeled. A single event can lead to different emotion, depending on whether it is percieved as threatening or challenging
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