Chapter 11

Front 1

intrinsic motivation

Back 1

Internal motivational factors such as self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort

Front 2

extrinsic motivation

Back 2

External motivational factors such as rewards and punishments

Front 3

flow

Back 3

Csikzentmihayl's concept of optimal like experiences, which he believes occur most often when people develop a sense of mastery and are absorbed in a state of concentration when they're engaged in an activity

Front 4

attribution theory

Back 4

The theory that is their effort to make sense of their own behavior or performance, individuals are motivated to discover its underlying causes

Front 5

mastery orientation

Back 5

An outlook in which individuals focus on the task rather than on their ability; they concentrate on learning strategies and the process of achievement instead of the outcome

Front 6

helpless orientation

Back 6

An outlook in which individuals seems trapped when experiencing difficulty and attribute their difficulty to a lack of ability. This orientation undermines performance

Front 7

performance orientation

Back 7

An outlook in which individuals are focused on winning rather than achievement outcome. For performance-oriented students, winning results in happiness

Front 8

mindset

Back 8

The cognitive view, wither fixed or growth, that individuals develop to themselves

Front 9

self-efficacy

Back 9

The belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes

Front 10

mentors

Back 10

Individuals who are usually older and more experienced and are motivated to improve the competence and character of a younger person

Front 11

anxiety

Back 11

A vague, highly unpleasant feeling or fear and apprehension

Front 12

self-handicapping

Back 12

Use of failure avoidance strategies such as not trying in school or putting off studying until the last minute so that circumstances, rather than a lack of ability, will be seen as the cause of low-level