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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intelligence |
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
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Intelligence Test |
a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores |
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General intelligence |
a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test |
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Factor analysis |
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score |
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Savant syndrome |
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing |
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emotional intelligence |
the ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotions |
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mental age |
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8 |
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Standford-Binet |
the widely used American revision (by merman at standford) of Binet's original intelligence test
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Intelligence quotient |
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 |
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achievement test |
a test designed to assess what a person has learned |
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aptitude test |
a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn |
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale |
the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests |
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standardized |
defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group |
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normal curve |
the symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer across lie near the extremes |
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reliability |
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting |
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validity |
the extent to which test measures or predicts what is it supposed to be |
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content validity |
the extent to which a test samples the behaviour that is of interest |
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predicitive validity |
the success with which test predicts the behaviour it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior |
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Cohort |
a group of people from a given time period
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Crystallized intelligence |
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age |
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Fluid intelligence |
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood |
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intellectual disability |
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound |
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down syndrome |
a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosomes 21 |
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heritability |
the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studies |
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stereotypes threat |
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype |
