Chapter 10: Taxonomy And Vbpf Unit

Front 1

The branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying organisms.

Back 1

Taxonomy

Front 2

The early Greek philosopher who grouped all life as either plants or animals.

Back 2

Aristotle

Front 3

The father of modern taxonomy.

Back 3

Carolus Linnaeus

Front 4

The system made by Linnaeus where each organism is given a scientific name made of 2 parts: Genus and species in Latin.

Back 4

binomial nomenclature

Front 5

Name the 7 taxa beginning from the largest.

Back 5

Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Front 6

An organism's evolutionary history determined by Anatomy, Biochemistry (DNA/Proteins), Development, and Behavior.

Back 6

Phylogeny

Front 7

A chemical made up of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.

Back 7

virus

Front 8

The protein coat that surrounds a virus.

Back 8

capsid

Front 9

Viral life Cycle in the following order: Attachment, Injection, development of viral genes and proteins, assembly of viral parts, and release of new viruses.

Back 9

lytic cycle

Front 10

Viral life Cycle in the following order: Attachment, Injection, incorporation of viral genes, reproduction, protein and virus production, and release of new viruses.

Back 10

lysogenic cycle

Front 11

Extremely diverse kingdom of bacteria.

Back 11

Kingdom Eubacteria

Front 12

Kingdom of bacteria composed of extremophiles.

Back 12

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Front 13

Bacteria that produce methane and live in cows' digestive tracts, swamps, and sewers.

Back 13

methanogens

Front 14

Bacteria that live in extremely hot water.

Back 14

thermophiles

Front 15

"Salt-loving" bacteria that live in extremely salty water (ex. The Dead Sea).

Back 15

halophiles

Front 16

Bacteria in the shape of a rod.

Back 16

Bacillius

Front 17

Bacteria in a spherical shape.

Back 17

Coccus

Front 18

Bacteria in a spiral shape.

Back 18

Spirillum

Front 19

Prefix meaning "chain."

Back 19

strepto-

Front 20

Prefix meaning "paired."

Back 20

diplo-

Front 21

Prefix meaning "bunch."

Back 21

staphylo-

Front 22

The term used for the bacterial reproduction process involving asexual cell divison.

Back 22

binary fission

Front 23

The bacterial reproduction process in which 2 bacteria join pili and exchange plasmids.

Back 23

conjugation

Front 24

A thick protective coating which forms around bacteria and allow them to remain dormant for possibly many years.

Back 24

endospores

Front 25

Bacteria that cause diseases.

Back 25

pathogens

Front 26

Kingdom with the following traits: composed of first eukaryotes on planet Earth, live in moist/wet/aquatic enviornments, most are unicellular (some multicellular)

Back 26

Kingdom Protista

Front 27

Animal-like heterotrophs (protists)

Back 27

protozoa

Front 28

Plant-like autotrophs (protists)

Back 28

algae

Front 29

cilates

Back 29

Protozoan phylum composed of protists that like to eat yeast and move with cilia (ex. paramecium).

Front 30

zooflagellates

Back 30

Protozoan phylum composed of protists that move with 1 flagellum (ex. Trypanosoma - causes African sleeping sickness using the tsetse fly as a vector, and giardia - causes severe diarrhea using contaminated water as a vector)

Front 31

sarcodines

Back 31

Protozoan phylum composed of protists that move with pseudopods (ex. Amoeba, also make up ingredients in chalk).

Front 32

sporozoans

Back 32

Protozoan phylum composed of protists that can only move by using vectors (ex. plasmodium - causes malaria using mosquitoes as vectors).

Front 33

green algae

Back 33

Algae division composed of protists that are thought to be ancestors of plants (ex. Olva, seaweed).

Front 34

euglena

Back 34

Algae division composed of protists that preform photosynthesis bur are also heterotropic (mixotrophic).

Front 35

dinoflagellates

Back 35

Algae division composed of mixotrophic protists that have 2 flagella that cause them to spin. Some can secrete dangerous toxins - phenomena known as "red tides" (ex. pfiesteria - in NC fish)

Front 36

diatoms

Back 36

Algae division composed of protists known for their symmetry and beautiful 2 part glass shells (silica - the same material that makes up glass).

Front 37

red algae

Back 37

Algae division composed of protists both green and red. The red pigment allows photosynthesis at greater depths (ex. Agar, Carrageenan - in ice cream, Nori - the edible wrapping around sushi).

Front 38

brown algae

Back 38

Algae division composed of protists such as giant kelp - the largest species of algae.

Front 39

slime molds

Back 39

Fungus-like protists that eat the same way as fungus and also reproduce with spores like fungus. They can slither/migrate/move about (ex. Dog Vomit).

Front 40

Kingdom composed of fungi.

Back 40

Kingdom Fungi

Front 41

Term for when fungi secrete enzymes into its food and absorb the organic molecules. This helps to decompose dead organisms and recycle their nutrients back to the environment.

Back 41

extracellular digestion

Front 42

Long slender filaments that make up the bodies of fungi.

Back 42

hyphae

Front 43

All of a fungus' hyphae.

Back 43

mycelium

Front 44

Produce spores.

Back 44

sporangium

Front 45

The reproductive structures of a fungus.

Back 45

spores

Front 46

Makes up the cell walls of fungi.

Back 46

chitin

Front 47

Algae cells that live among the hyphae of a fungus. They function as one organism and can grow on bare rock.

Back 47

lichen

Front 48

Fungal hyphae that live around the roots of a plant. Almost all plants have them. It is a mutually beneficial relationship.

Back 48

mycorrhizae

Front 49

zygomycetes

Back 49

Division of fungi that sexually produce spores on zygosporangia (ex. Black Bread Mold).

Front 50

ascomycetes

Back 50

Division of fungi composed of "sac fungi" which sexually produce spores in a sac called an ascus (ex. Truffles, cup fungi).

Front 51

basidiomycetes

Back 51

Division of fungi known as "club fungi." They sexually reproduce spores on clubs called basidia (ex. Mushrooms, Parasite Rusts and Smuts - eat plants).

Front 52

imperfect fungi

Back 52

Division of fungi with no known sexual reproduction.

Front 53

yeast

Back 53

Unicellular fungi that reproduce by "budding."

Front 54

deutromycetes

Back 54

Class of imperfect fungi (ex. Penicillium, athlete's foot, and ringworm).