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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Stimulus as physical energy is

Sensory receptor

Intracellular signal is

Change in membrane potential

Stimulus to threshold=

Action potential to CNS

Integration in CNS is from

Cerebral cortex or


Acted on subconsciously

Complex neural receptors encased in

Connective tissue capsules

Transduction

Stimulus energy converted into info processed by CNS

Ion channels or second messengers initiate

Membrane potential change


(Transduction)

Adequate Stimulus

Energy to which a receptor is most responsive

Threshold

Minimum stimulus

Receptor potential

Change in sensory receptor membrane potential

Visceral reflexes in brain stem or spinal cord do not reach

Conscious perception

Perceptual threshold

Level of stimulus necessary to be aware of particular sensation

Habituation

Decreased perception through inhibitory modulation


--below perceptual threshold

Temperature receptors terminate in

Subcutaneous layers

Thermoreceptors use which type of channels

Cation channels


Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel

Nociceptors respond to strong

Noxious stimulus that may damage tissue

Nociceptors contain

Primary sensory fibers


A _ fibers


C fibers

Fast pain

Sharp and localized by A _ fibers

Slow pain

Duller and more diffuse by C fibers

Itch

Histamine activates C fibers

Nociceptor ascending pathway to

Cerebral cortex


Becomes conscious sensation

Nociceptors modulated by

Substance P which mediate inflammatory response

Ischemia

Lack of adequate blood flow

Pain modulation- gate control theory

AB fibers synapse on inhibitory interneurons and increase inhibition

Analgesic drugs

Aspirin


Opioids

Aspirin

Inhibits prostaglandins

Opioids

Block pain perception by decreasing primary sensory neurotransmitter release and by postsynaptic inhibition of secondary sensory neurons

Olfaction

Link between smell, memory, and emotion

Vomeronasal organ

Response to sex pheromones

Olfactory neurons in nose called

Epithelium

Odorants bind to

Odorant receptors


G protein-linked membrane receptors

Gustation taste receptor cells are

Non-neural epithelium

Taste transduction

Gustducin

Perilymph in

Vestibular and tympanic duct

Endolymph in

Cochlear duct


Secreted by epithelial cells

Cochlear duct contains

Organ of Corti

Cochlea transforms sound waves into

Electrical signals

Conductive

No transmission through either external or middle ear

Central

Damage to neural pathway between ear and cerebral cortex or damage to cortex itself

Sensorineural

Damage to structures of inner ear

Vestibular apparatus

Series of interconnected fluid-filled chambers

Otolith organs

Saccule and utricle


Linear acceleration and head position

Semicircular canals

Rotational acceleration


Filled with endolymph

Pupillary reflex is a

Consensual reflex

Accomodation

Process by which the eye adjusts lens shape to keep objects in focus

Myopia

Focal point falls in front of the retina