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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stimulus as physical energy is |
Sensory receptor |
|
Intracellular signal is |
Change in membrane potential |
|
Stimulus to threshold= |
Action potential to CNS |
|
Integration in CNS is from |
Cerebral cortex or Acted on subconsciously |
|
Complex neural receptors encased in |
Connective tissue capsules |
|
Transduction |
Stimulus energy converted into info processed by CNS |
|
Ion channels or second messengers initiate |
Membrane potential change (Transduction) |
|
Adequate Stimulus |
Energy to which a receptor is most responsive |
|
Threshold |
Minimum stimulus |
|
Receptor potential |
Change in sensory receptor membrane potential |
|
Visceral reflexes in brain stem or spinal cord do not reach |
Conscious perception |
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Perceptual threshold |
Level of stimulus necessary to be aware of particular sensation |
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Habituation |
Decreased perception through inhibitory modulation --below perceptual threshold |
|
Temperature receptors terminate in |
Subcutaneous layers |
|
Thermoreceptors use which type of channels |
Cation channels Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel |
|
Nociceptors respond to strong |
Noxious stimulus that may damage tissue |
|
Nociceptors contain |
Primary sensory fibers A _ fibers C fibers |
|
Fast pain |
Sharp and localized by A _ fibers |
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Slow pain |
Duller and more diffuse by C fibers |
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Itch |
Histamine activates C fibers |
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Nociceptor ascending pathway to |
Cerebral cortex Becomes conscious sensation |
|
Nociceptors modulated by |
Substance P which mediate inflammatory response |
|
Ischemia |
Lack of adequate blood flow |
|
Pain modulation- gate control theory |
AB fibers synapse on inhibitory interneurons and increase inhibition |
|
Analgesic drugs |
Aspirin Opioids |
|
Aspirin |
Inhibits prostaglandins |
|
Opioids |
Block pain perception by decreasing primary sensory neurotransmitter release and by postsynaptic inhibition of secondary sensory neurons |
|
Olfaction |
Link between smell, memory, and emotion |
|
Vomeronasal organ |
Response to sex pheromones |
|
Olfactory neurons in nose called |
Epithelium |
|
Odorants bind to |
Odorant receptors G protein-linked membrane receptors |
|
Gustation taste receptor cells are |
Non-neural epithelium |
|
Taste transduction |
Gustducin |
|
Perilymph in |
Vestibular and tympanic duct |
|
Endolymph in |
Cochlear duct Secreted by epithelial cells |
|
Cochlear duct contains |
Organ of Corti |
|
Cochlea transforms sound waves into |
Electrical signals |
|
Conductive |
No transmission through either external or middle ear |
|
Central |
Damage to neural pathway between ear and cerebral cortex or damage to cortex itself |
|
Sensorineural |
Damage to structures of inner ear |
|
Vestibular apparatus |
Series of interconnected fluid-filled chambers |
|
Otolith organs |
Saccule and utricle Linear acceleration and head position |
|
Semicircular canals |
Rotational acceleration Filled with endolymph |
|
Pupillary reflex is a |
Consensual reflex |
|
Accomodation |
Process by which the eye adjusts lens shape to keep objects in focus |
|
Myopia |
Focal point falls in front of the retina |