Chapter 10 Questions- Final Final

Front 1

Muscles that hold one bone in place relative to the body while a usually more distal bone is moved are called ___________.

Back 1

Fixators

Front 2

The origin of a _________ is often stabilized by_______, so that its action occurs at its _______.

Back 2

prime mover, fixators, point of insertion

Front 3

The muscles of the scapula act as _____ to hold the scapula in place while other muscles _____ to move the humerus.

Back 3

fixators, contract

Front 4

In the body, the joints function as_____, and the bones function as ______.

Back 4

Fulcrums, levers

Front 5

A _____ is a rigid shaft capable of turning about a hinge, or pivot point, called a _____ and transferring a force applied at one point along the lever to a ______, or resistance, placed at another point along the lever.

Back 5

Lever, fulcrum (F), weight (W)

Front 6

When muscles contract, the ______, or force, of muscle contraction is applied to the levers (bones), causing them to move.

Back 6

pull (P)

Front 7

What are the three classes of levers based on the relative positions of the levers, fulcrums, weights, and forces?

Back 7

Classes I, II, and III

Front 8

The levator palpabrea superioris _________.

Back 8

Raises the upper lids.

Front 9

A droopy eyelid on one side is called___.

Back 9

ptosis

Front 10

What does ptosis usually indicate?

Back 10

That the nerve to the levator palpebrae superioris, or the part of the brain controlling that nerve, is damaged.

Front 11

The _____ draws the eyebrows inferiorly and medially, producing vertical corrugations (furrows) in the skin between the eyes.

Back 11

Corrugator supercilii

Front 12

What muscles constrict the pharynx from superior to inferior, forcing food into the esophagus?

Back 12

Salpingopharyngeus

Front 13

What does the salpingopharyngeus also do?

Back 13

It also opens the auditory tube, which connects the middle ear to the pharynx.

Front 14

What does opening the auditory tube do?

Back 14

It equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere; that is why it is sometimes helpful to chew gum or swallow when ascending or descending a mountain in a car or when changing altitudes in an airplane.

Front 15

The muscles of the thorax are mainly involved in the process of _____.

Back 15

breathing

Front 16

List the 4 major groups of thoracic muscles that are associated with the rib cage.

Back 16

1. Scalene- muscles elevate the 1st two ribs during more forceful inspiration

2. External intercostals- elevate the rib during quiet, resting inspiration.

3. Internal intercostals

4. Transversus thoracis - both muscles depress the ribs during forced expiration.

Front 17

It extends from the area of the xiphoid process of the sternum through the navel of the pubis.

Back 17

The linea alba or white line

Front 18

the linea alba is devoid of _____ and consists of _____.

Back 18

muscle, white connective tissue

Front 19

on each side of the linea alba is the

Back 19

rectus abdominis

Front 20

the rectus abdominis is surrounded by

Back 20

a rectus sheath

Front 21

__________ transect the rectus abdominis at 3, or sometimes more, locations, causing the abdominal wall of a lean, well-muscled person to appear segmented (six-pack).

Back 21

Tendinous intersections (tendinous inscriptions)

Front 22

A ring of bone w/an inferior opening that is closed by a muscular wall , through which the anus & the urogenital openings penetrate.

Back 22

The pelvis

Front 23

the coccygeus and the levator ani muscles form

Back 23

most of the pelvic floor

Front 24

Jointly they are referred to as the

Back 24

Pelvic diaphragm

Front 25

the diamond-shaped area inferior to the pelvic floor is the

Back 25

perineum

Front 26

the anterior half of the diamond is the

Back 26

urogenital triangle

Front 27

the posterior half of the diamond is the

Back 27

anal triangle

Front 28

when may the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm & urogenital triangle be stretched?

Back 28

During pregnancy, by the extra weight of the fetus.

Front 29

The primary muscles holding the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity are the

Back 29

Rotator cuff muscles

Front 30

Why are they named as such?

Back 30

because they form a cuff or cap over the proximal humerus

Front 31

A rotator cuff injury involves damage of these muscles or their tendons, usually the_________.

Back 31

Supraspinatus muscle

Front 32

The muscles involved in the arm are involved in (6)

Back 32

1. Flexion

2. Extension

3. Abduction

4. Adduction

5. Rotation

6. Circumduction

Front 33

Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles

Back 33

1. Infraspinatus- Laterally rotates arm; holds head of humerus in place

2. Subscapularis- Medially rotates arm; holds head of humerus in place

3. Supraspinatus- Abducts arm; holds head of humerus in place

4. Teres Minor- Laterally rotates & adducts arm; holds head of humerus in place

Front 34

extension of the elbow is accomplished by the (2)

Back 34

triceps brachii and the anconeus

Front 35

flexion of the elbow is accomplished by (3)

Back 35

The Brachialis, biceps brachii, & the brachioradialis

Front 36

the ______constitutes the main mass visible on the posterior aspect of the arm.

Back 36

Triceps brachii

Front 37

The ____ is readily visible on the anterior aspect of the arm.

Back 37

biceps brachii

Front 38

the _____ lies deep to the biceps brachii and can be seen only as a mass on the medial and lateral sides of the arm.

Back 38

brachialis

Front 39

the ______ forms a bulge on the anterolateral side of the forearm just distal to the elbow.

Back 39

brachioradialis

Front 40

two major anterior muscles that flex the wrist

Back 40

Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

Front 41

list the three posterior muscles that extend the wrist

Back 41

1. Extensor carpi radialis longus

2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis

3. Extensor carpi ulnaris

Front 42

The tendon of the ______serves as a landmark for locating radial pulse, which is lateral to the tendon.

Back 42

flexor carpi radialis

Front 43

the wrist ________and ________ are visible on the ______ & ________ surfaces of the forearm.

Back 43

flexors, extensors

anterior, posterior

Front 44

the posterolateral hip muscles consist of the ______ and the ______.

Back 44

gluteal muscles, tensor fasciae latae

Front 45

Contributes most of the mass that can be seen as the buttocks

Back 45

Gluteus maximus

Front 46

is a common site for injections and creates a smaller mass just superior and lateral to the gluteus maximus.

Back 46

Gluteus medius

Front 47

Functions at its maximum force in extension of the thigh when the hip is flexed at a 45-degree angle, so that the muscle is optimally stretched, which accounts for both the sprinter's stance and the bicycle racing posture.

Back 47

Gluteus Maximus

Front 48

What are the two anterior thigh muscles?

Back 48

Quadriceps femoris and the Sartorius

Front 49

the quadriceps femoris is actually four muscles. What are they?

Back 49

1. Rectus Femoris

2. vastus lateralis

3. Vastus medialis

4. Vastus intermedius

Front 50

The _____ group _____ the knee.

Back 50

Quadriceps, extends

Front 51

Why does the rectus Femoris also flex the hip?

Back 51

Because it crosses both the hip and knee joints.

Front 52

What are the 3 hamstring muscles?

Back 52

1. Semitendinosus

2. Biceps Femoris

3. Semimembranosus

Front 53

A prominent lateral muscle of the neck that can cause flexion of the neck or rotate the head is the

Back 53

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 54

Which of these muscles would you expect tom be especially well developed in a boxer known for his powerful jab (punching straight ahead)

Back 54

Triceps Brachii

Front 55

which of these muscles is an intrinsic hand muscle that moves the thumb?

Back 55

Flexor pollicis brevis