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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Developmental Psychology
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the field in which psychologist study how people grow and change throughout the life span
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maturation
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automatic and sequential process of development that results from genetic signals
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Critical Period
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a stage or point in development during which a person or animal is best suited to learn a particular skill
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reflex
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an involuntary reaction or response
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Infancy
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period from birth to age 2 years
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Childhood
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period from 2 years to adolescence
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Attachment
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emotional ties that form between people
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Stranger Anxiety
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fear of strangers, crying and reaching for their parents if they are near strangers
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Separation Anxiety
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cry or behave in other ways that indicate distress if their mothers leave them
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Contact Comfort
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the instinctual need to touch and be touched by something soft
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Authoritative
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parents combine warmth with positive kinds of strictness
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Authoritarian
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parents believe in obedience for its own sake
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Self-esteem
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value or worth that people attach to themselves
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Unconditional positive regard
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parents love and accept their children for who they are
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Conditional positive regard
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parents show their love only when the children behave in certain acceptable ways
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Assimilation
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process by which new information is placed into categories that already exist
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Accommodation
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a change brought about because of new information
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Sensorimotor stage
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the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor skills
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Object permanence
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the understand that objects exist when they cannot be seen or touched
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Preoperational Stage
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children began to use words and symbols to represent objects
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Conservation
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substances remain the same despite changes in shape or arrangement
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Egocentrism
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the inability to see another person's point of view
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Concrete-operational stage
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children begin to show signs of adult thinking
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Formal-operational stage
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cognitive maturity
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Preconventional moral reasoning
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base judgments on the consequences of behavior
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Conventional moral reasoning
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make judgments in terms of whether an act conforms to conventional standards of right and wrong
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Postconventional moral reasoning
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judgments reflect one's personal values not conventional standards
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Imprinting
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process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period
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