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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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NEURON IS A ________ CELL.
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NERV E
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CENTRAL NERVOUS (CNS)
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BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)
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CRANIAL AND SPINAL NERVES
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DIVISION OF PNS.
PICKS UP SENSORY INFORMATION AND DELIVERS IT TO THE CNS |
SENSORY DIVISION
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DIVISIONS OF PNS.
CARRIES INFORMATION TO MUSCLES AND GLANDS |
MOTOR DIVISION
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DIVISIONS OF THE MOTOR DIVISION
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SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC
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CARRIES INFORMATION TO SKELETAL MUSCLE
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SOMATIC
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CARRIES INFORMATION TO SMOOTH MUSCLE, CARDIAC MUSCLE, AND GLANDS
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AUTONOMIC
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THREE FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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SENSORY, INTEGRATIVE, MOTOR
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SENSORY FUNCTION
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SENSORY RECEPTORS GATHER INFO AND CARRY IT TO CNS
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SENSORY FUNTION
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SENSORY RECEPTORS GATHER INFORMATION AND CARRY IT TO CNS
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INTEGRATIVE FUNCTION
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SENSORY INFORMATION USED TO CREATE SENSATIONS, MEMORY, THOUGHTS, DECISIONS
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MOTOR FUNCTION
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DECISIONS ARE ACTED UPON
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MOTOR FUNCTION
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IMPLUSES ARE CARIED TO EFFECTORS
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NEURONS SHARE THREE CERTAIN FEATURES
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DENDRITES, A CELL BODY, AN AXON
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MUSCLE MEMORY
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MUSCLE MEMORY FEELINGS LIKE PLAYING MUSIC
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SENSORY MEMORY
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SMELLS BRING BACK MEMORY
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WHITE MATTER IS _______
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MYELINATED AXONS AND FIBER TRACTS
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GRAY MATTER IS NOT ____________
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NO MYELINATED STRUCTURES. HAS CELL BODIES AND DENDRITES
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DORSAL ROOT IS ________
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MYELINATED
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THREE MAJOB GROUPS OF NEURONS.
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BIPOLAR, UNIPOPLAR, MULTIPOLAR NEURONS
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BUM
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BIOPOLAR NEURONS
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TWO PROCESSES-ONE SIDE AXON AND OTHER IS DENDRITE
FOUND IN EYES, EARS NOSE |
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UNIPOLAR NEURONS
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ONE PROCESS FOUND IN GANGLIA OF PNS AND SENSORY
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MULTIPOLAR NEURONS
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99% OF NEURONS, MANY PROCESSES, MOST NEURONS OF CNS
FOUND WITHIN BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD ONE SIDE IS AXON AND REST IS DENDRITES |
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SENSORY NEURONS
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AFFERENT, IMPUSE TO CNS, MOST ARE UNIPOLAR
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INTERNEURONS
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LINK NEURONS, ASSOCIATION NEURONS, MULTIPOLAR, LOCATED IN CNS
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MOTOR NEURONS
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MULTIPOLAR, CARRY IMPULSES AWAY FROM CNS TO EFFECTORS
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SCHWANN CELLS
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PRODUCE MYLEIN FOUND ON MYELINATED NEURONS, SPEED UP NEURO TRANSMISSION,
NEUROGLIAL CELLS, FOUND IN PNS, CELL WITH LIPID RICH MEMBRANES THAT WRAP TIGHTLY AROUND AXONS OF PERIPHERAL NEURONS |
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SATELLITE CELLS
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SUPPORT CLUSTERS OF NEURON CELL(GANGLIA)
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LITTLE DOTS UNDER MICROSCOPE.
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PRESYNAPTIC AND POST SYNAPTIC CELLS
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TWO AXONS CONNECTED BY SYNAPSE OF DENDRITE
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TWO AXONS PLUNGE TOGETHER
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HAS CNS AND PHAGOCYTIC CELL(immune protection) AND IS A TYPE OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS
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MICROGLIA
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TYPES OF NEUROGLIAL CELLS
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HAS CNS, SCAR TISSUE, CONNECTS NEURONS TO BLOOD VESSELS, HEALING REPAIR.
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ASTROCYTES
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STARSHAPED NEUROGANGLIA
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HAS CNS AND MYELINATING CELLS
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OLIGODENDROC YTES
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HAS CNS, CILIATED, LINE CENTRAL CANAL OF SPINAL CORD AND LINE VENTRICLES OF BRAIN, NEUROGLIAL CELL, POROUS LAYER WITH SUBSTANCE DIFFUSED BETWEEN
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EPENDYMA OR EPENDYMAL
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VERY INTERACTIVE CELLS
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NERVE IMPULSES PASS FROM NEURON TO NEURON AT __________
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SYNAPSES
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THE SYNAPSE MOVING FROM _________ NEURON TO ________NEURON.
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PRE-SYNAPTIC NEURON TO POST SYNAPTIC NEURON
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MULTIPLE SYNAPSES FEEDING INTO A NEURON
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A CELL MEMBRANE IS USUALLY _________ CHARGED OR _________.
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ELECTRICALLY CHARGED OR POLARIZED
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INSIDE THE MEMBRANE IS _________ CHARGE
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NEGATIVELY
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TYPE OF CHARGE
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INSIDE BRAIN IS MORE ________ CHARGED THAN POSITIVELY CHARGED
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NEGATIVELY CHARGED
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RESULT OF UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF IONS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF MEMBRANE
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-22 OUTSIDE BRAIN NA+
-82 INSIDE BRAIN K+ |
MORE NEGATIVE IONS THE MORE NEGATIVE THE CHARGE
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THE MAJOR INTRACELLUALR POSITIVE IONS
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CATIONS POTASSIUM k+
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DISTRIBUTION OF IONS
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THE MAJOR EXTRACELLULAR POSITIVE IONS
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CATION SODIUM NA+
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DISTRIBUTION OF IONS
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DISTRIBUTION IS CREATED BY ___________________
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SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP
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PUMP ACTIVELY TRANSPORTS WHAT
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SODIUM IONS OUT OF THE CELL AND POTASSIUM IONS INTO THE CELL
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UNEQUAL
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RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL (RMP) DIFFERENCE
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-70 mV DIFFERENCE INSID TO OUTSIDE OF CELL
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RESTING POTENTIAL
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RESTING POTENTIAL IS A _______ MEMBRANE
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POLARIZED
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RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL RMP
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NA=/K= PUMP RESTORES
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NATURAL DRIFT TO THE CHARGE
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RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL RMP
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-70MV MORE INSIDE THAN OUTSIDE CELL
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CELL WANTS TO RETURN TO -70 MV
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RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL RMP
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LOCAL POTENTIAL CHANGES CAUSED BY VARIOUS STIMULI_______, ______, _____
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TEMPERATURE CHANGES, LIGHT, PRESSURE
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LOCAL POTENTIAL CHANGES
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AFFECT MEMBRANE BY OPENING A _________ _______ __________
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GATED ION CHANNEL
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CHANNELS ARE _______, _____, _________
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CHEMICALLY GATED, VOLTAGE GATED, MECHANICALLY GATED
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MUST KNOW PHYSICALLY AS BARRIER
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MEMBRANE POTENTIAL MORE NEGATIVE
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HYPERPOLARIZED
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MORE NEGATIVE
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MEMBRANE POTENTIAL BECOMES LESS NEGATIVE
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DEPOLARIZE
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LESS NEGATIVE
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GRADED TO INTENSITY
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THRESHOLD POTENTIAL
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THRESHOLD POTENTIAL RESULTS
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IN A NERVE IMPULSE
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STARTING AN ACTION POTENTIAL
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN SODIUM CHANNEL OPENS
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MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZES
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POTASSIIUM LEAVES CYTOPLASM WHAT HAPPENS
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MEMBRANE REPOLARIZES
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-55 STIMULUS OR ABOVE
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BRIEF PERIOD OF HYPERPOLARIZATION ONCE REACTION OCCURS WHAT MUST HAPPEN
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YOU MUST RESET OR GO BACK TO -70mV
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NEURON RESPONDS AT ALL
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IT MUST RESPOND COMPLETELY
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WHAT DO YOU NEED IF YOU GET A GREATER RESPONSE (MOVE THAN -70mV
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A LARGER RESPONDENT
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TIME WHEN THRESHOLD STIMULUS DOES NOT START ANOTHER ACTION POTENTIAL.
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ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD
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NOTHING IS OPEN NO AMOUNT OF STIMULATION CAN CREATE A RESPONSE
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TIME WHEN STRONGER THRESHOLD STIMULUS CAN START ANOTHER ACTION POTENTIAL
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RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD
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WHAT OCCURS WHERE NEUROTRANSMITTERS CROSS THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT AND REACT (FUSE)WITH SPECIFIC MOLECULES CALLED RECEPTORS IN THE POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON MEMBRANE. ACTION POTENTIAL CAUSES SYNAPTIC KNOB TO BECOME PERMEABLE TO CALCIUM, CALCIUM CAUSES SYNAPTIC KNOBS TO FUSE W/MEMBRANE,
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SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
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AXON RELEASE THE NEUROTRANSMITTER TO REACT WITH NEAREST MOLECULE
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VOLTAGE GATES OPEN
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EPSP
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EXCITATORY POST SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL
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GRADED & DEPOLARIZED
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IPSP
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INHIBITORY POST SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL
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GRADED & HYPERPOLARIZE MEMBRANE ACTION POTENTIAL LESS LIKELY
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WHAT DO YOU CALL EPSP AND IPSP ADDED TOGETHER
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SUMMATION
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NEURONS IN THE BRAIN OR SPINAL CORD SYNTHESIZE ______.
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NEUROPEPTIDES
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NEUROPEPTIDES ACT AS ___________
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NEUROTRANSITTERS
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ENKEPHALINS, BETA ENDORPHIN, SUBSTANCE P
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NEURONAL POOLS
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INTERNEURONS WORK TOGETHER PERFORM COMMON FUNCTION EXCITE OR INHIBIT
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IMPULSE PROCESSING
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VARIOUS SENSORY RECEPTORS AND ALLOW FOR SUMMATION OF IMPUSLES
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CONVERGENCE
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IMPULSE PROCESSING-ALLOWS NERVOUS SYSTEM TO COLLECT, PROCESS, AND RESPOND...MAKE BETTER DECISIONS
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BRANCHING AXON AND STIMULATION OF MANY NEURONS ULTIMATELY
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DIVERGENCE
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IMPULSE PROCESSING-RESPONSE WITH SAME STRENGTH OF IMPULSE EVERYTIME-MUSCLE RECRUITMENT
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GROUPS OF INTERNEURONS MAKE SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS WITH EACH OTHER
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NEURON POOLS
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WORK TOGETHER INPUT POOL AND OUTPUT POOL
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CATALYST IS ALWAYS AN ____________
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ENZYME
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WHAT DENATURES AN ENZYME
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HEAT
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