• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/37

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

37 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the four basic functions of the muscular system?
motion, movement of subtances with the body, stabilizing body position and regulating organ volume, thermogenesis
shivering
involuntary contractions of the skeletal muscle
List 5 characteristics of muscle tissue.
excitability, conductivity, contractility, extensibility, elasticity
excitability
ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals called action potentials.
conductivity
the ability to conduct action potentials along the plasma membrane
contractibility
the ability of muscle tissue to shorten and to thicken, thus generatig force to do work.
extensibility
capacity in muscle to be extended without damaging tissue
elasticity
muscle’s capacity to return to its original shape after contraction or extension--recoil
fascia
a sheet or broad band of fibrous connective tissue deep to the skin or around muscles and other organs of the body.
superficial fascia (subcutaneous layer)
- is immediately deep to the skin
- composed of aereolar connective tissue and adipose tissue
What are 4 functions of superficial fascia?
- stores water and fat.
- reduces the rate of heat loss
- provides mechanical protection against traumatic blows.
- provides a framework for nerves and blood vessels to enter and to exit muscles.
deep fascia
is composed of dense irregular CT and lines the body wall and limbs
also holds muscles together, separating them into functional groups
Whate are the functions of deep fascia?
- allows free movement of muscles
- supports nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
- fills spaces between the muscles
Explain motion as a function of muscle tissue
movements such as walking or running
Movement of substances within the body
All three types of muscle tissue help moves substances such as blood, flood, sperm, ova, and urine.
Stabilizing body positions and regulating organ volume.
Skeletal muscle contractions maintain stable body positions and posture. Sustained and contractions of smooth muscles nlock exit of food from the stomach and urine from the urinary bladder for temporary storage.
Thermogenesis
Skeletal muscle contractions may generate 85% of all body heat to help maintain normal body temperature.
epimysium
is the outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue that encircles the whole muscle
perimysium
surrounds bundles of 10-100 muscle fibers called fascicles
fascicles
small bundles or clusters of muscle cells/fibers
endomysium
penetrates into the interior of each fascile separating individual muscle fibers from one another
tendon
When all three levels of connective tissue mentioned above, the epimyseum, the perimyseum, and the endomyseum extend beyond the muscle fibers and form a dense cord of connective tissue that enables the attachment of muscle to the periosteum of the bone. Ex: calcaneal tendon of the calf muscle.
aponeurosis
when the connective tissue elements forming a tendon, extend as a broad flat layer ex: aponeurotica on top of the skull
Starting with the connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fiber, list the connective tissue layers in order.
endomysium, perimysium, epimysium, deep fascia, superfical fascia
motor unit
a motor neuron plus all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates
neuromuscular junction
the type of synapse formed between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber
Describe the process by which a motor neuron communicates with a muscle cell.
The interface between a motoneuron and muscle fiber is a specialized synapse called the neuromuscular junction. Upon adequate stimulation, the motoneuron releases a flood of neurotransmitters that bind to postsynaptic receptors and triggers a response in the muscle fiber. In invertebrates, depending on the neurotransmitter released and the type of receptor it binds, the response in the muscle fiber could either be excitatory or inhibitory.
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
acetylcholene (AcH)
motor end plate
the region of the muscle fiber plasma membrane that is adjacent to the axon terminals.
List the structural organization of a skeletal muscle from superficial to deep.
skeletal muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, thin and thick filaments
Describe the components of a muscle fiber/myofibril.
sarcolemma: the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
sarcoplasm: the muscle fiber's cytoplasm
sarcoplasmic reticulum: a fluid-filled system of cisterns which encircles each myofibril
Myofibrils are composed of what?
thin, thick and elastic filaments
thin filaments
protein composition: actin, troponin and tropomyosin
functions: contains myosin head binding sites; slides along thick filament during contraction
thick filaments
protein composition: myosin
functions: myosin heads (cross brideges) move thin filaments toward the center of sarcomere during contraction.
elastic filaments
protein: titin/connectin
functions: anchors thick filaments to Z discs and stabilizes them during contraction and relaxation.
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
During relaxation: stores Calcium ions
During contraction: releases calcium ions throuch Calcium ion release channels.
Explain the role of Calcium and regulator proteins in muscle contraction.
An increase in calcium concentration in the sacoplasm starts filament sliding, while a decrease turns off the sliding process.