Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Motivation
|
feeling of need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
|
|
|
Intrinsic Motivation
|
Driven by an intense or enjoyment in the task itself
Ex. hiking, volunteer work |
|
|
Extrinsic Motivation
|
driven by a desire to receive external rewards or avoid punishment
Ex. something that brings in money, trophies |
|
|
Goal
|
the end results that is needed or desired
|
|
|
Strategies
|
the means used to achieve goals
|
|
|
Instincts
|
an unlearned pattern of behavior that is universal throughout a species
|
|
|
Drive Reduction
|
a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates us to satisfy the need
|
|
|
Optimal Arousal
|
having our needs satisfied, we then feel driven to experience stimulation
|
|
|
Hierarchy of Needs
|
1. Self-Actualization
2. Esteem 3. Love 4. Safety 5. Physiological Needs |
|
|
Theories of Motivation
|
Biological & Psychological
|
|
|
Terror Management Theory
|
much of human action is done to avoid thinking about the inevitability of death
|
|
|
Self-Determination Theory
|
Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness
|
|
|
Autonomy
|
following your own way in life and making your own decisions
|
|
|
Competence
|
finding something you're good at, and becoming better
|
|
|
Relatedness
|
creating meaningful and satisfying ties to other people
|
|
|
Delay of Gratification
|
putting off an immediate pleasurable experience in the interest of some larger but later reward
|
|
|
Emotion
|
consists of conscious experience, boldly changes, action tendencies
|
|
|
action tendency
|
increases the tendency to do the action
|
|
|
Categorical Approach
|
universal facial expressions, motivation to take specific action
|
|
|
Dimensional Approach
|
"every emotion can be described as a combination of pleasantness and arousal"
|
|
|
State
|
current and (perhaps) temporary attribute
Ex. emotion because of an outside factor |
|
|
Trait
|
stable attribute that exists across a variety of situations
Ex. emotion because of personality |
|
|
Mood Induction
|
anything that puts a person in a particular mood
Ex. music puts you in a positive mood |
|
|
Happiness
|
Hedonic & Eudaimonic
|
|
|
Hedonic
|
maximize pleasure and minimize pain
|
|
|
Eudaimonic
|
pursuing important goals, building relationships, and taking responsibility for one's choices
|
|
|
Subjective Well-Being
|
overall satisfaction, satisfaction with particular aspects, positive vs. negative emotions in life
|
|
|
Sources of Happiness
|
individual set point, life circumstances, intentional activity
|
|
|
Individual Set Point
|
50%, Ex. DNA
|
|
|
Life Circumstances
|
10%, Ex. Lottery
|
|
|
Intentional Activity
|
40%, Ex. Relationships & Goals
|
|
|
Reciprocal Causality
|
cause can flow back & forth
|
|
|
Homeostasis
|
the body's tendency to maintain an equilibrium
|
|
|
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
|
the idea that facial expressions can influence emotions as well as reflect them
|
