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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ear |
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Parts of Ear |
Outer ear: Pinna,Ear canal Middle ear: Ossicles(Malleus, Incus, Stapes)Inner ear: Cochlea/Auditorynerve |
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Outer Ear, common disorders |
-Pina, Ear Canal -Localizationof sound sourceProtectsmiddle and inner earIncreasessound -Bornwithout ear (atresia) -Bornwith smaller ear (microtia) -Amplificationoptions include:Bone-anchoredhearing aids (BAHA) |
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Middle Ear |
Tympanicmembrane (ear drum) Ossicles: Malleus Incus Stapes |
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Inner Ear |
Cochlea -Organof Corti -Innerhair cells -Outerhair cells |
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Hearing Loss |
-Physicalcondition in which an individual is unable to detect or distinguish the fullrange of sounds normally available to the human ear-Result from prenatal, perinatal,or postnatal damage to any one of the structures that carry auditoryinformation from the external world to the brain centers that process auditoryinformation -Conductive loss: abnormality,disorder, and/or damage to the outer or middle ear -Sensorineural loss: abnormality,disorder, and/or damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve -Mixed loss: combinesboth conductive and sensorineural -Bilaterally: bothears affected -Unilaterally: oneear is affected and the other is intact Hearingloss: a heterogeneous group based on typeof loss and timing andseverityof the loss-Auditory processing disorder (APD):hearing loss that results from damage to the centers of the brain that processauditory information -Congenital hearing loss:hearing loss present at birth --About 50% of cases of congenitalhearing loss occur for unknown reasons --More prevalent causes includegenetic transmission, in-utero infections, prematurity, pregnancycomplications, and trauma during the birthing process -Severity: mild to profound Identify severity of loss using the decibel scale (dB), which is the standard unit of sound intensity, or loudness |
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Conductive Hearing Loss |
-Mayor may not be a permanent hearing lossMissingor damaged ossiclesvs. otitis media -Treatmentoptions may include: Medications/Antibiotics PETubesBone-AnchoredHearing Aids (BAHA) or Hearing Aids Surgery(Ossicles) |
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SensorineuralHearing Loss |
Loss due to problems inthe cochlea, the auditory nerve, or any of the other nerves linking the cochleato the auditory cortex of the brain Causes include: -Drug-induced damage to the cochlea (ex: antibioticssuch as gentamicin; chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin) -Traumatic damage of the cochlea (ex: noise-inducedtrauma, head injury, penetrating injury to the inner ear) -Age-related damage to the cochlea (presbycusis) -Tumor on the auditory nerve (acoustic neuroma) -Certain infections, such as meningitis -Maternal rubella Generally a permanent hearing loss Some sounds are not heard, some are heard but may be distorted Most often see high frequency hearing loss Treatment options may include: -Hearing aids -Cochlear implants -Assistive listening devices |
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Prelingual and post lingual Hearing Loss |
-Prelingual hearing loss: acquiredafter birth but before the child has developed language -Postlingual hearing loss: acquiredsometime after the child has developed language |
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Hearing Loss Range |
-Range of human hearing: zero dB (the threshold of sound)to 140 dB -dB scale: identifythe threshold at which an individual with hearing loss is able to hear sound: 16 to 25 dB: minimal loss 26 to 40 dB: mild loss 41 to 55 dB: moderate loss 56 to 70 dB: moderately severeloss 71 to 90 dB: severe loss 91dB or higher: profound loss |
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Impact on Language Development |
Extentto which hearing loss impacts a child’s development of language: -Timing ofthe loss -Severityof the loss -Age ofidentification* Exposureto language input* *stronglyrelated to whether the child with hearing loss proceeds along a path of typicalor atypical language acquisition |
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Hearing Loss: Cause and Risk Factors |
-50%of young children experience fluctuating hearing loss as a result of chronicotitis media (conductive) -Fewchildren exhibit severe or profound permanent hearing loss 1 to 2% of students 8% of children exhibit hearingloss that is serious enough to impact their language and educationalachievement |
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Commonly used Communication Modalities |
-ASL -Cued Speech -Total Communication -Auditory Oral -Auditory Verbal |
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Hearing Loss Stats |
Statistics: -Approximately28-32 million people in the United States have a significant hearing loss. -Approximately2 million are under the age of 18. -40-60%of all children with hearing loss have additional medical needs. |
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Universal Newborn Hearing Screenings |
-Anestimated 16,000 babies will be diagnosed each year once UNHS is fully adopted. -Currently,43 states have some type of UNHS legislation in place. -Significanthearing loss occurs in 1 to 3 per 1000 newborns in the well-baby nursery. |
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Team for kids with hearing loss |
-Parents -Deaf Educators -Speech-Language Pathologists -Audiologists -Occupational Therapists -Physical Therapists |
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What can SLPs Offer |
-Howchild is performing in quiet -Howchild performs with structured settings -Individualtime with parents/family members -Multipleopportunities for practice -Differentialdiagnosis about speech/language errors |
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What can AUDs offer |
-Programming Changes -retention options -technology options -wear-time information -speech perception results -(less) familiar intelligibility |
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What can Deaf Educators Offer |
-Classroom behavior -Classroom rules & reinforcement strategies -Generalization information -Performance in noise -Performance with peers -Performance in less structured environments |