Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Ethnic Group |
share certain beliefs, values, habits, customs, and norms because of their common background. define themselves as different and special because of cultural features. markers: collective name, beliefs in common descent, a sense of solidarity, and an association with a specific territory. |
|
|
Ethnicity |
Identification with, and feeling part of, an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other groups because of this affiliation. vary in intensity within ethnic groups and countries and over time. a change in a degree of importance attached to an ethnic identity may reflect political changes (Soviet rule ends--ethnic feelings rise) |
|
|
Status |
Various points that people occupy in society |
|
|
Shifting Status |
We have a lot of statuses and we don't focus on all of them at once and therefore they shift. where we are affects how we see ourselves or our status. At school we see ourselves as a student. |
|
|
Minority Groups |
Have less power and less secure access to resources. It is not a number that refers to the number of them (like we have more women than men but still are a minority group. |
|
|
Majority Groups |
Superordinate, dominant, or controlling. |
|
|
Hypodescent |
idea that the child is always placed in the lower class group. For example, Obama is half black and white, but he is automatically caste into the black group. |
|
|
Phenotype |
refers to an organisms evident traits, its "manifest biology"--anatomy and physiology. These are evident physical traits such as skin color, hair color, hair type, eye color etc. |
|
|
Assimilation |
Describes the process of change that a minority ethnic group may experience when it moves to a country where another culture dominates. By doing this the minority culture adopts the patterns and norms of its host culture. |
|
|
Multiculturalism |
The view of cultural diversity in a country as a good and desirable. It is the model opposite of the assimilation model, the view encourages the practice of cultural--ethnic traditions. A multicultural society socializes individuals not only the dominant (national) culture but also into an ethnic culture. It's rare in the United States but exists in places like Germantown and Chinatown. |
|
|
Prejudice |
devaluing a group because of its assumed behavior, values, capabilities, or attributes. People are prejudiced when they hold stereotypes about groups and apply them to individuals. |
|
|
Stereotype |
Fixed ideas--often unfavorable--about what the members of the groups are like. It goes hand in hand with prejudice where people will assume a member of the group will act as they are "supposed to act" and interpret a wide range of behaviors as evidence to the stereotype. |
|
|
Discrimination |
policies and practices that harm a group and its members. |
|
|
De facto Discrimination |
Practiced but not legally sanctioned. An example is the harsher treatment that American minorities (compared with other Americans) tend to get form the police and the judicial system. |
|
|
De Jure Discrmination |
Part of the law. Segregation in the Southern United States and apartheid in South Africa provide two examples. In both systems, by law, blacks and whites had different rights and privileges. |
|
|
Racism |
Discrimination against a group based on race. |
|
|
Cultural Colonialism |
Refers to internal domination--by one group and its culture or ideology over others. |
|
|
natural selection |
the process by which the forms most fit to survive and reproduce in a given environment do so. For example, natural selection is evident in the amount of melanin in someones skin. People with more melanin in their skin can help those in the tropics survive. Melanin can screen out ultraviolet rays and protection from sunburns and skin cancer. Or in the north with lighter skin tones, clouds and clothing make it harder for sun to help produce vitamin D and lighter skin can help absorb the limited access that skin has to sun better than darker skin. |
|
|
Race |
when an ethnic group is assumed to have a biological basis (distinctly shared "blood" or genes). It is a cultural category rather than biological reality. |
|
|
Social Race |
Race is a cultural/social rather than biological. There is no clear genetic difference between people commonly regarded as being different races. For example a bi-racial child involving one black parent and one white parent, we know that 50% of the genes come from each parent. Still Americans overlook heredity and classify the child as black. The rule is arbitrary. On the basis of genotype (genetic composition), it would be just as logical to classify the child as white. |
|
|
Race In the U.S. |
Descent and hypodescent. They don't recognize very many races and blinds Americans to an equivalent range of evident physical contrasts. It is ascribed status; it assigned automatically by hypodescent and usually doesn't change. |
|
|
Race In Japan |
It is socially constructed by defining themselves by opposition to others, whether minority groups in their own nation or outsiders--anyone who is "not us". |
|
|
Race In Brazil |
Less exclusionary categories which permit individuals to change their racial classification. Many more racial labels--over 500 were once reported. Racial identity is more flexible. Classification pays attention to phenotype, such as the tanning rays of the sun or the effects of humidity on the hair. You can change your race (say from "Indian" to "mixed"). |
|
|
Racial Classification |
-The attempt to assign humans to discrete categories based on common ancestry. -This is largely abandoned now. -Race is supposed to reflect shared genetic material inherited from ancestors, but early scholars used phenotypical traits (usually skin tone) for racial classification. |
|
|
Racial Explanatory |
-Natural selection plays a part in explanation of race. -Providing explanations for why people in certain parts of the world have a certain race. -Like why there are those in the world with darker skin, like the tropics, and lighter skin in the north. |
|
|
Achieved Status |
Come from the choices we make in life; our actions, our efforts, talents, accomplishments. However, sometimes because of our choices as well, not all achieved status are desirable. For instance a felon is a status they earned from choices. |
|
|
Ascribed Status |
People with little choices of the status. Such as the status of being black, gay, who your family is, your age. |
|
|
Ethnocide |
A dominant group trying to destroy the cultures of certain ethnic groups or force them to adopt to the dominant culture. Example, the anti-Basque campaign that dictator Francisco Franco banned Basque books, journals, newspapers, signs...and imposed fines for using Basque language in schools. His policies led to formation of a Basque terrorist group and spurred strong nationalist sentiment in the Basque region. |
|
|
Forced Assimilation |
Part of ethnocide, forcing the group to adopt the dominant culture. |
|
|
Ethnic Explusion |
A policy that aims at removing groups who are culturally different from a country. Example: Uganda expelled 74,000 Asians in 1972 Policy can lead to refugees--people who have been forced or who chosen to flee a country, to escape persecution or war. |
|
|
Burakumin |
A stigmatized group of 4 million outcasts in Japan, sometimes compared to India's untouchables. They are physically and genetically indistinguishable from other Japanese. Many of them "pass" as majority of Japanese but can be identified based on where they live. They are less likely to attend high school or college. They are treated very much how we treated blacks in America. |
|
|
Anthropology Today: Why are the Greens So White? Ethnicity in Golf |
-Two of the top 125 PGA golfers identify as democrats -lack of skin color variation in golf -Dr. Charlie Sifford, who in 1961, broke the color barrier in American professional golf, became the first black in 2004 inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame. -In terms of diversity, golf has actually gressed since 1970s. -Currently only one of the top 125 PGA golfers is black, Tiger Woods. |
