Chapter 10 Endocrine System

Front 1

endocrine system

Back 1

system made of glands and
tissues that secrete hormones into the blood

Front 2

Major glands in the endocrine system

Back 2

Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Thymus
Testes or Ovaries

Front 3

puberty hormones effect________and________

Back 3

mood and mind

Front 4

hormones effect.........

Back 4

induction or suppression of apoptosis (programmed cell death)
activation or inhibition of the immune system
regulating metabolism,fighting, reproductive cycle, fleeing, mating,puberty, caring for offspring, menopause,

Front 5

Hormone secretion is controlled by ?

Back 5

Negative Feedback

= as hormone levels rise, they will inhibit (turn off) any further hormone release ensuring hormones stay at normal range

Front 6

hormones that are not fat soluable and can’t pass through cell membrane without hitching a ride. They communicate with the secondary messenger mechanism.

Back 6

Protein hormones (non-steroid hormones)

Front 7

lipid soluable hormones that pass through the cell membrane of the target cell. These hormones can communicate without the secondary messenger mechanism.


Back 7

steroid hormones

Front 8

calls for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, which code for the production of proteins.

Back 8

The steroid hormone-receptor complex

Front 9

an example of a negative feedback loop is?

Back 9

heating system

Front 10

This gland produces the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH),Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH),Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH),. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)(these four hormones are tropic hormones),Growth Hormone (GH), Prolactin hormone (PH)(these two are not tropic hormones)

Back 10

Anterior pituatary gland

Front 11

this hormone causes water reabsorption (from urine back into the blood), thereby decreasing urine secretion. When ADH is released, you produce a small quantity of a concentrated urine. It saves water.

Back 11

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Front 12

this hormone stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract; may initiate labor. It causes milk release or milk letdown.

Back 12

Oxytocin

Front 13

these hormones regulate body temperature metabolism and weight

Back 13

thyroid hormones

Front 14

substance that thyroid needs to make its hormones

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iodine

Front 15

medicine used to treat underactive thyroid

Back 15

synthroid

Front 16

decreases the blood calcium concentration by inhibiting breakdown of bone, which would release calcium into the blood.

Back 16

Calcitonin

Front 17

Regulates Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)of all body cells

Back 17

thyroid hormone

Front 18

Hypothyroidism causes...

Back 18

low BMR,cretinism, myxedema

Front 19

Hyperthyroidism (high bmr) causes...

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Grave’s Disease

Front 20

The condition that results from inadequate secretion of thyroid hormones during fetal life or early infancy. The brain and skeleton fail to develop properly, resulting in mental retardation and dwarfism.

Back 20

Cretinism

Front 21

occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your thyroid gland and causes it to overproduce the hormone thyroxine

Back 21

graves disease

Front 22

function of the parathyroid gland(PTH) is?

Back 22

increases blood calcium concentration by increasing the breakdown of bone with the release of calcium into the blood and by increasing Ca++ absorption at the intestines.

Front 23

hormones that the adrenal gland secretes

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Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

Front 24

functions of the adrenal glands are?

Back 24

to secrete hormones that help the body resist acute stress by intensifying and prolonging the effects of sympathetic stimulation

Front 25

outer layer of adrenal cortex secretes..........

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mineralocorticoids

the main minerlocortoid is aldosterone which increases blood sodium and decreases potassium levels

Front 26

the middle layer of the adrenal cortex secretes.....

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glucocorticoids

The main glucocorticoid is
cortisol (hydrocortisone) which helps the body deal with chronic stress by maintaining normal blood glucose concentration and increasing gluconeogenesis and fat breakdown

Front 27

High levels of glucocorticoids can.......

Back 27

suppress immune system function.

Front 28

inner layer of adrenal cortex secretes.....

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sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen)

Front 29

the endocrine portion of the pancreas is called....

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Islets of Langerhans, which contain alpha and beta cells

Front 30

hormone secreted by alpha cells. It increases blood glucose levels by accelerating liver conversion of glycogen to glucose

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Glucagon

Front 31

hormone secreted by beta cells. It decreases blood glucose levels by accelerating the movement of glucose into cells

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insulin

Front 32

type 1 diabetes millitus is caused by......

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no insulin secreted

Front 33

type 2 diabetes millitus is caused by........

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Cells can't use the insulin thats secreted

Front 34

two structures in the ovaries that secrete hormones are?

Back 34

the ovarian follicles and the corpus luteum

Front 35

hormone causes development and maturation of the breasts and external genitals, development of adult female body contours and initiation of the menstrual cycle

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Estrogen (feminizing hormone)

Front 36

these secrete the male hormone testosterone.

Back 36

interstitial cells of the testes

Front 37

hormone that causes maturation of external genitals in the male, beard growth, voice changes at puberty and development of musculature and body contours typical of the male

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Testosterone (masculinizing hormone)

Front 38

gland located in the center of the upper chest just behind the sternum.

Back 38

Thymus

Front 39

lymphocytes mature, multiply, and become Tcells here.

Back 39

thymus

Front 40

gland produces melatonin

Back 40

The pineal gland

Front 41

a hormone
That affects the wake/sleep patterns and photoperiod
functions

Back 41

melatonin

Front 42

hormone that stimulates growth of the thyroid gland; also stimulates it to secrete thyroid hormone. It is a tropic hormone.

Back 42

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Front 43

hormone that stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates it to secrete glucocorticoids. It is a tropic hormone.

Back 43

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Front 44

hormone that initiates growth and development of ovarian follicles and the egg, stimulates estrogen production. In the male, it stimulates sperm production. It is a tropic hormone.

Back 44

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Front 45

hormone that causes ovulation; causes ruptured follicle to develop into corpus luteum and stimulates progesterone secretion. In the male, it stimulates the interstitial cells in the testes to secrete testosterone. It is a tropic hormone.

Back 45

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Front 46

stimulates growth by accelerating protein production and fat and carbohydrate quantity. Is greatest during childhood and adolescence.

Back 46

Growth Hormone (GH)

Front 47

stimulates breast development during pregnancy. It causes the production of milk and the delivery of the baby

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Prolactin hormone (PH)

Front 48

what are target cells?

Back 48

cells that are targeted by specific hormones that have that hormones' receptor sites

Front 49

production of too many hormones

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hypersecretion

Front 50

production of too few hormones

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hyposecretion

Front 51

mechanism that starts with a hormone being secreted to send a message from endocrine gland to target organ.Protein cells cannot penetrate cell membranes of the organ they are trying to communicate to thus the cell must "hitch a ride" by activating the receptor sites of the targeted cell's membrane causing a secondary hormone to secrete within the cell to complete communication. protein (non-steroid) cells have to do this.

Back 51

secondary messenger mechanism

Front 52

these hormones influence activities in neighboring cells.They do not control activites of widely seperated organs and are not typical hormones.

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prostaglandins

Front 53

two parts of the pituatary gland are?

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anterior pituatary(adenohypophysis)(adeno=gland)


posterior pituatary(neurohypophysis)(neuro=nervous)

Front 54

where is the pituatary gland located?

Back 54

sella tucica (small depression in the sphenoid bone)

Front 55

These hormones are four of the six hormones(the first four)that secrete from the pituatary gland. They stimulate another hormone to grow and secrete its own hormones.

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tropic hormones.(The first four major hormones secreted from the pituatary gland)

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two parts of the adrenal gland

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adrenal cortex (has 3 layers: outer,middle and inner) and the
adrenal medulla

Front 57

When hormones reach a certain level, they simply stop secreting. This reverses mechanisms in the body.

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negative feedback loop

Front 58

Part of the brain that controls the piuatary gland

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hypothalamus

Front 59

the posterior pituatary gland excretes what hormones?

Back 59

Antidiuretic hormone(ADH) and oxytocin

Front 60

Thyroid gland excretes......

Back 60

thyroxine(T4)(4 molecules of iodine),triiodothyronine(T3)(3 molecules of iodine),and calcitonin