Chapter 10 Blood And Immunity

Front 1

erythrocyte (red)

Back 1

carries oxygen bound to hemoglobin

Front 2

leukocyte (white blood cells)

Back 2

immunity,protects aginst pathogens and destroys foreign matter and debris

Front 3

platelet (thrombocyte)

Back 3

hemostasis, forms a platelet plug and starts blood clotting

Front 4

neutrophils

Back 4

function:phagocytosis

Front 5

eosinophils

Back 5

allergic reactions, defense against parasites

Front 6

basophils

Back 6

allergic reactions

Front 7

lymphocytes

Back 7

immunity

Front 8

monocytes

Back 8

phagocytosis

Front 9

a white blood cell that does not have visible granules in its cytoplasm

Back 9

agranulocyte

Front 10

a simple proteins found in blood plasma

Back 10

albumin

Front 11

a protein produced in response to and interacting specially with an antigen

Back 11

antibody

Front 12

a substance that induces the formation of an antibody

Back 12

antigen

Front 13

a lymphocyte that matures in lymphoid tissue and is active in producing antibodies

Back 13

B cell

Front 14

an immature neutrophil with a nucleus in the shape of a band

Back 14

band cell

Front 15

a granular leukocyte that stains strongly with basic dyes

Back 15

basophils

Front 16

testing the compatibility of donor and recipient blood in preparation for a transfusion

Back 16

cross-matching

Front 17

a substance that separates into charges particles in a solution

Back 17

electrolyte

Front 18

a granular leukocyte that stains strongly eh acidic dyes

Back 18

eosinophil

Front 19

a hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

Back 19

erythroprotein EPO

Front 20

the protein that forms a clot in blood coagulation

Back 20

fibrin

Front 21

the inactive precursor of fibrin

Back 21

fibrinogen

Front 22

the cellular components of blood

Back 22

formed elements

Front 23

the fraction of blood plasma that contains antibodies

Back 23

gamma globulin

Front 24

a white blood cell that has visible granules in its cytoplasm

Back 24

granulocyte

Front 25

the iron containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

Back 25

hemoglobin

Front 26

the stoppage of bleeding

Back 26

hemostasis

Front 27

the state of being protected against a disease

Back 27

immunity

Front 28

an antibody

Back 28

immunoglobulin

Front 29

an a granular leukocyte active in immunity

Back 29

lymphocyte

Front 30

a large bone marrow cell that fragments to release platelets

Back 30

megakaryocyte

Front 31

a phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte

Back 31

macrocyte

Front 32

an a granular phagocytic leukocyte

Back 32

monocyte

Front 33

a granular leukocyte that stains weakly with both acidic and basic dyes

Back 33

neutrophil

Front 34

the engulfing of foreign material by white blood cells

Back 34

phagocytosis

Front 35

the liquid portion of blood

Back 35

plasma

Front 36

a mature form of a B cell that produces antibodies

Back 36

plasma cell

Front 37

the fraction of the plasma that remains after blood coagulation

Back 37

serum

Front 38

a lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and attacks foreign cells directly

Back 38

T cell

Front 39

a blood platelet

Back 39

thrombocyte

Front 40

emia, hemia

Back 40

condition of blood

Front 41

penia

Back 41

decrease in, deficiency of

Front 42

poiesis

Back 42

formation, production

Front 43

myel/o

Back 43

bone marrow

Front 44

hem/o, hemat/o

Back 44

blood

Front 45

erythr/o, erthyrcyt/o

Back 45

red blood cell

Front 46

leuk/o, leukocyt/o

Back 46

white blood cells

Front 47

lymph/o, lymphocyt/o

Back 47

lymphocyte

Front 48

thromb/o

Back 48

blood clot

Front 49

thrombocyt/o

Back 49

platelet, thrombocyte

Front 50

immun/o

Back 50

immunity, immune system

Front 51

azot/o

Back 51

nitrogenous compounds

Front 52

calc/o

Back 52

calcium

Front 53

ferr/o, ferr/i

Back 53

iron

Front 54

sider/o

Back 54

iron

Front 55

kali

Back 55

potassium

Front 56

natri

Back 56

sodium

Front 57

oy/y

Back 57

oxygen

Front 58

differential count

Back 58

relative percentage of the different types of leukocytes

Front 59

hematocrit

Back 59

relative percentage of packed red cells in a given volume of blood

Front 60

packed cell volume

Back 60

hematocrit

Front 61

hemoglobin

Back 61

amount of hemoglobin in g/dL of blood

Front 62

mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Back 62

volume of an average red cell

Front 63

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

Back 63

average weight of hemoglobin in red cells

Front 64

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Back 64

average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells

Front 65

complete blood count

Back 65

series of tests including cell counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and cell volume measurements

Front 66

activated partial thromboplastin time (APPTT)

Back 66

measures time required for clot formation

Front 67

bleeding time

Back 67

measures capacity of platelets to stop bleeding after a standard skin incision

Front 68

partial thromboplastin time

Back 68

evaluates clotting factors

Front 69

prothrombin time

Back 69

indirectly measures prothrombin

Front 70

thrombin time (thrombin clotting time)

Back 70

measures how quickly a clot forms

Front 71

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Back 71

immune system failure caused by infection with HIV (human immunodeficiency)

Front 72

allergen

Back 72

a substance that causes an allergic reaction

Front 73

alleregy

Back 73

hypersensitivity

Front 74

anaphylactic reaction

Back 74

an exaggerated allergic reaction to a foreign substance

Front 75

a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against an individuals own tissues

Back 75

autoimmune disease

Front 76

a deficiency in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, may result from blood loss

Back 76

anemia

Front 77

a localized edema with large hives similar to urticaria but involved deeper layers of the skin and subcanteous tissue

Back 77

angloedema

Front 78

anemia caused by bone marrow failure resulting in deficient blood cell production, especially of red blood cells

Back 78

aplastic anemia

Front 79

a form of thalassemia that affects production of the B(beta) hemoglobin chain

Back 79

cooley anemia

Front 80

an allergic reaction involving T cells that takes 12 hours to develop

Back 80

delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Front 81

widespread clot formation in the microscopic vessels

Back 81

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Front 82

a collection of blood under tear the skin caused by leakage from small vessels

Back 82

ecchymosis

Front 83

the rupture of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin

Back 83

hemolysis

Front 84

a hereditary blood disease caused by lack of a clotting factor and resulting in abnormal bleeding

Back 84

hemophilia

Front 85

anemia that results from blood loss, as from an injury or internal bleeding

Back 85

hemorrhagic anemia

Front 86

the virus that causes AIDS

Back 86

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Front 87

a neoplastic disease of unknown cause that involves the lymph nodes, spleen, liver

Back 87

hodgkin disease

Front 88

an immunologic reaction to a substance that is harmless to most people

Back 88

hypersensitivity

Front 89

a congenital or acquired failure of the immune system to protect against disease

Back 89

immunodeficiency

Front 90

a substance produced in the stomach that aids in the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12

Back 90

intrinsic factor

Front 91

cancerous lesion of the skin and other tissues, seen most often in patients with AIDS

Back 91

kaposi sarcoma

Front 92

malignant overgrowth of immature white blood cells

Back 92

leukemia

Front 93

any disease of the lymph nodes

Back 93

lymphadenopathy

Front 94

a tumor of the blood forming tissue in bone marrow

Back 94

multiple myeloma

Front 95

a widespread malignant disease of lymph nodes that involves lymphocytes

Back 95

non- hodkin lymphoma

Front 96

anemia resulting from a dietary deficiency

Back 96

nutritional anemia

Front 97

an abnormal chromosome found in the cells of most individuals with chronic granulocytic leukemia

Back 97

Philadelphia chromosome

Front 98

anemia caused by failure of the stomach to produce intrinsic factor, a substance needed for the absorption of B12

Back 98

pernicious anemia

Front 99

pinpoint, flat, purplish- red spots caused by bleeding within the skin or mucous membrane

Back 99

petechiae

Front 100

a condition characterized by hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membrane, internal organs and other tissues

Back 100

purpura

Front 101

a hereditary anemia caused by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin

Back 101

sickle cell anemia

Front 102

anemia caused by inability to use available iron to manufacture hemoglobin

Back 102

sideroblastic anemia

Front 103

an autoimmune disease involving of dysfunction of the exocrine glands and affecting secretion of tears, salvia, and other body fluids

Back 103

sjogren syndrome

Front 104

enlargement of the spleen

Back 104

splenomegaly

Front 105

inflammatory connective tissue affecting the skin and multiple organs

Back 105

systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 106

a diffuse connective tissues disease that may involve any system causing inflammation, degeneration and fibrosis

Back 106

systemic sclerosis

Front 107

a group of heredity anemias mostly found in populations of Mediterranean decent

Back 107

thalassemia

Front 108

a deficiency of thrombocytes (platelets) in the blood

Back 108

thrombocytopenia

Front 109

a skin reaction consisting of round, raised eruptions with itching, hives

Back 109

urticaria

Front 110

a count of the T cells that have the CD4 receptors for the AIDS virus

Back 110

CD4+ T lymphocyte count

Front 111

a powerful stimulant produced by the adrenal gland and sympathetic nervous system

Back 111

epinephrine

Front 112

blood counts of reticulocytes, a type of immature red blood cell

Back 112

reticulocyte counts

Front 113

giant cells that are characteristics of Hodgkin disease

Back 113

reed- Sternberg cells

Front 114

the clumping of cells or particles in the presence of specific antibodies

Back 114

agglutination

Front 115

a pigment derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin

Back 115

bilirubin

Front 116

a group of plasma enzymes that interacts with antibodies

Back 116

complement

Front 117

a small mass or body

Back 117

corpuscle

Front 118

a primitive bone marrow cell that gives rise to all varieties of blood cells

Back 118

hemopoietic stem cell

Front 119

a substance found throughout the body that inhibits blood coagulation

Back 119

heparin

Front 120

an enzyme that dissolves clots

Back 120

pasmin

Front 121

the enzyme derived from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Back 121

thrombin

Front 122

a condition involving a decrease in the number of granulocytes in the blood

Back 122

agranulocytosis

Front 123

increase in the number of red cells in the blood

Back 123

erythrocytosis

Front 124

congenital aplastic anemia that appears between birth and 10 years of age

Back 124

fanconi syndrome

Front 125

an immunological reaction of transplanted lymphocytes against tissues of the host

Back 125

graft versus host reaction (GVHR)

Front 126

a form of leukemia in which cells have filaments making them look "hairy"

Back 126

hairy cell leukemia

Front 127

a localized collection of blood, usually clotted, caused by a break in a blood vessel

Back 127

hematoma

Front 128

disease that results from incompatibility between the blood or a mother and her fetus

Back 128

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

Front 129

a condition involving the deposition of an iron- containing pigment mainly in the liver and the spleen

Back 129

hemosiderosis

Front 130

a clotting disorder caused by destruction of platelets that usually follows a viral illness

Back 130

idiopathic thrombocytopenic prepare (ITP)

Front 131

an acute infectious disease caused by Epstein-Varr virus

Back 131

infectious momnucleosis

Front 132

an increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes

Back 132

lymphocytosis

Front 133

bine marrow dysfunction resulting in anemia and deficiency of neutrophils and platelets

Back 133

myelodysplastic syndrome

Front 134

condition in which bone marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue

Back 134

myelofibrosis

Front 135

a decrease in the number of neutrophils with increased susceptibility to infection

Back 135

neutropenia

Front 136

a decrease in all cells of the blood, as in aplastic anemia

Back 136

pancytopenia

Front 137

any condition in which there is a relative increase in the precent of red blood cells in whole blood

Back 137

polycythemia

Front 138

a condition is which overactive bone marrow produces too many red blood cells

Back 138

polycythemia vera

Front 139

presence of microorganisms in the blood

Back 139

septicemia

Front 140

hereditary anemia in which red blood cells are round instead of disk shaped and rupture excessively

Back 140

spherocytic anemia

Front 141

an often fatal disorder in which multiple clots form in blood vessels

Back 141

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)

Front 142

a hereditary bleeding disease caused by lack of von willebrand factor, a substance pessary for blood clotting

Back 142

von Willebrand disease

Front 143

a proteins that appears in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma

Back 143

Bence jones protein

Front 144

a test for detection of antibodies to red blood cells such as appear in cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemias

Back 144

Coombs test

Front 145

separation of particles in a liquid by application of an electrical field

Back 145

electrophoresis

Front 146

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Back 146

ELISA

Front 147

a pure antibody produced in the laboratory

Back 147

monoclonal antibody

Front 148

a scale that measures the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Back 148

pH

Front 149

test used to determine absorption of vitamin 12 by measuring execration of radioactive B12 in the urine

Back 149

schilling test

Front 150

the appearance of antibodies in the serum in response to a disease or immunization

Back 150

seroconversion

Front 151

a very sensitive test used to detect small amounts of antibodies in the blood

Back 151

western blot assay

Front 152

a commonly used blood stain

Back 152

wright stain

Front 153

an agent that presents or delays blood coagulation

Back 153

anticoagulant

Front 154

a drug that counteracts the effects of histamine and is used to treat allergic reactions

Back 154

antihistamine

Front 155

a procedure in which blood is withdrawn, a portion is separated and retained, and the remainder is returned to the donor

Back 155

apheresis

Front 156

a persons own blood

Back 156

autologous blood

Front 157

a sediment obtained by cooling

Back 157

cryoprecipitate

Front 158

treatment of allergy by small injections of the offending allergen

Back 158

desensitization

Front 159

blood from animals of the same species, such as human blood used for transfusion form one person to another

Back 159

homologous blood

Front 160

depression of immune response

Back 160

immunosuppression

Front 161

an anti HIV drug that acts by inhibiting an enzyme that virus needs to multiply

Back 161

protease inhibitor

Front 162

Ab

Back 162

antibody

Front 163

Ag

Back 163

antigen

Front 164

AIDS

Back 164

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Front 165

ALL

Back 165

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Front 166

AML

Back 166

acute myeloblastic leukemia

Front 167

APTT

Back 167

activated partial thromboplastin time