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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the formed elements
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Living blood cells
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A complex connective tissue in which living blood cells, the foremed elements, are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called?
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Plasma
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What is erythrocytes?
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Red Blood Cells
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The thin, whitish layer at the junction between the erythorocytes and the plasma.
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Buffy coat
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Blood fraction are know as
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hematocrit
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Over 100 different substances are dissolved in this straw-colored fuild.
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Plasma
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What are some examples of substances that are dissolved in plasma.
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nutrients, salts, respiratory gases, hormones, plasma proteins and various wastes and products of cell metabolism.
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What does Erythrocytes lack?
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nucleus (anucleate) and very few organelles.
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An iron bearing PROTEIN, transports the bulk of the oxygen that is carried in the blood.
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Hemoglobin (molecules)
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A decrase in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood is know as?
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Anemia
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An excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes is?
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polycythemia
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What are Leukocytes?
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white blood cells (WBC)
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What process dercribes the movement in which white blood cells move out of the blood vessels?
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diapedesis
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WBCs can locate areas of tissue damage and infection in the body by responding to cretain chemicals that diffuse from the damaged cells. What is this capability called?
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positive chemotaxis
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How do WBC's move through the tissue space?
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amedoid motion
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A total WBC count above 11,000 cells/mm is referred to as?
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Leukocytosis (generally indicates that a baterial or viral infection)
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What is the opposite condition of leukocytosis?
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Leukopenia (low WBC count)
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WBC's that have lobed nuclei.
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Granulocytes
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What do granulocytes include?
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neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
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What are the characteristics of Neutrophils?
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multilobed and avid phagocytes.
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What are the characteristics of Eosinophils?
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Look like old fashioned telephone recievers. They fight allergies and infections by parasitic worms.
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What are the characteristics of Basophils?
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Contains large histamine-contatining granules. Makes blood vessels leaky and attracts other WBS to the site.
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WBC are classified into two major groups what are they?
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Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
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What do agranlocytes include?
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Lymphocytes and monocytes.
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residence in lymphatic tissues, where they play an important role in the immune response.
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Lymphocytes
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What do macrophages become when migrate into the tissues?
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Macrophages (has big appetites)
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What are platelets?
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not a cell but fragments of cells with no nuclei
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What do platelets do?
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They are needed for clotting process.
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Blood cell formation is called?
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Hematopoiesis
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Where does hematopoiesis occur?
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red bone marrow or myeloid tissue.
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What is a "blood cell former"?
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hemocytoblast
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Hemocytoblast forms two types of descendants what are they?
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lymphoid stem cell (lymphocytes) and myeloid stem cell
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RBC become more rigid and bgin to fragment, or fall apart in 100 to 120 days because?
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they are anucleate
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What happens when RBC retain enough hemoglobin?
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Nucleus and most organelles are ejected and they cell collapses inward. Results is the young RBC called a reticulocyte.
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What are megakaryocytes?
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fragements of bizarre multinucleate cells
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The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by what hormone?
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erythropoientin
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What do colony stimulating factors do? (CSF)
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Marshals up an army of WBC to ward off attacks by enhancing the ability of mature leukocytes to protect the body.
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What the phases of heomstasis?
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1.Vasular spasms narrow the blood vessels and decrease blood loss by release of serotonin by anchored
platelets. 2. Platelet plug forms (becomes sticky) 3. Coagulation events occur (clotting) |
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What is thrombopoietin?
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accelerates the production of platelets.
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What does prothrombin activiator do?
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converts prothrombin present in the plasma to thrombin an enzyme.
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describe the process of thrmbin for coagulation.
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joins soluble fibrinogen proteins to form insoluble fibrin which forms a meshwork to clot.
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What are antigens?
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indentify each person as unique.
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Blood type AB can only receive.
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A,B,AB,O
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Blood type B can recieve.
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B,O
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Blood type A can recieve.
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A,O
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Blood type O.
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has no antigens and is a univeral donor.
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