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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tumor antigens may be products of what 4 things?
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- mutated proteins
- products of oncogenes - overexpressed or aberrantly expressed self protein - products of oncogenic viruses |
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Tumor rejection is mainly mediated by _____.
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CTL
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Name 3 ways tumors may evade CTL.
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- by downregulating expression of tumor antigen
- shut off expression of MHC Class I molecules - secrete suppressive cytokines, express inhibitory ligands (to inhibit T cell activation) |
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Differentiate between: hyperacute rejection, acute rejection, and chronic rejection.
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hyperacute
- occurs within minutes of transplantation - characterized by thrombosis of graft vessels/ischemic necrosis of graft - mediated by preformed antibodies leading to complement activation, endothelial damage and inflammation Acute rejection - occurs within days to weeks after transplantation - principal cause of early graft failure - mediated mainly by T cell reaction against alloantigens in the graft leading to vascular damage (endotheliatis) - Ab's also can contribute - immunosuppressive therapy is designed to prevent this type of rxn Chronic rejection - occurs over months and years - mediated by T cell cytokines (esp TGF-beta) that stim hyperplasia of vascular SM and tissue fibroblasts, leading to vessel occlusion |
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Differentiate between direct vs. indirect recognition of alloantigens.
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direct- T cell recognizes unprocessed allogeneic MHC molecule on graft APCs
indirect - T cell recognizes processed peptide of allogeneic MHC molecule bound to self MHC molecule on host APC |
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Define Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR)
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take T cells from one individual, culture with leukocytes of another individual and see what the T cell response is. the magnitude of response is proportional to the extent of the MHC differences between these individuals and is a rough predictor of the outcomes of grafts exchanged between these individuals
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Antibodies that recognize blood group molecules are ALWAYS Ig__. Why?
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IgM; blood group antigens are CHOs
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Serum from individuals of Type O blood have which antibody(s). They would agglutinate with RBCs of which type(s)?
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Anti-A & anti-B; would agglutinate with RBCs of A,B, and AB
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Serum from individuals of Type A blood have which antibody(s). They would agglutinate with RBCs of which type(s)?
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anti-B; RBCs with B and AB
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Serum from indivduals of Type AB blood have which antibody(s). They would agglutinate with RBCs of which type(s)?
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no antibodies; agglutinate with none
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