Chapter 10

Front 1

abdomin/o

Back 1

abdomen

Front 2

an/o

Back 2

Anus

Front 3

append/o, appendic/o

Back 3

Appendix

Front 4

bil/i

Back 4

Bile

Front 5

cec/o

Back 5

Blind intestine, cecum

Front 6

chol/e

Back 6

Bile, gall

Front 7

choledoch/o

Back 7

Common bile duct

Front 8

col/o, colon/o

Back 8

Colon

Front 9

cyst/o

Back 9

Bladder, sac

Front 10

dent/o

Back 10

Teeth

Front 11

duoden/o

Back 11

Twelve, duodenum

Front 12

enter/o

Back 12

Small intestine

Front 13

esophag/e, esophag/o

Back 13

Gullet, esophagus

Front 14

gastr/o

Back 14

stomach

Front 15

gingiv/o

Back 15

Gums

Front 16

gloss/o

Back 16

Tongue

Front 17

hepat/o

Back 17

Liver

Front 18

ile/o

Back 18

To roll, ileum

Front 19

jejun/o

Back 19

empty, jejunum

Front 20

lingu/o

Back 20

Tongue

Front 21

or/o

Back 21

Mouth

Front 22

pancreat/o

Back 22

Sweetbread, pancreas

Front 23

peps/o, pept/o

Back 23

Digestion

Front 24

peritone/o

Back 24

To stretch over, peritoneum

Front 25

proct/o

Back 25

Rectum or anus

Front 26

pylor/o

Back 26

Pylorus

Front 27

rect/o

Back 27

Rectum

Front 28

sial/o

Back 28

Saliva

Front 29

sigm/o

Back 29

The letter s, sigmoid colon

The letter s, sigmoid colon

Front 30

stomat/o

Back 30

Mouth

Front 31

a-

Back 31

Without, absence of

Front 32

dia-

Back 32

Through

Front 33

dys-

Back 33

Bad, abnormal, painful, difficult

Front 34

re-

Back 34

Back

Front 35

flux/o

Back 35

Flow

Front 36

halit/o

Back 36

Breath

Front 37

hemat/o

Back 37

Blood

Front 38

phag/o

Back 38

Eat, swallow

Front 39

steat/o

Back 39

Fat

Front 40

-algia

Back 40

Condition of pain

Front 41

-dynia

Back 41

Condition of pain

Front 42

-emesis

Back 42

Vomiting

Front 43

-emia

Back 43

Condition of blood

Front 44

-ia

Back 44

Condition of

Front 45

-megaly

Back 45

Abnormally large

Front 46

-osis

Back 46

Condition of

Front 47

-rrhea

Back 47

Discharge

Front 48

mal-

Back 48

Bad

Front 49

aden/o

Back 49

Gland

Front 50

cheil/o

Back 50

Lip

Front 51

cholecyst/o

Back 51

Gallbladder

Front 52

cirrh/o

Back 52

Orange

Front 53

diverticul/o

Back 53

Diverticulum

Front 54

hem/o

Back 54

blood

Front 55

lip/o

Back 55

Fat

Front 56

lith/o

Back 56

Stone

Front 57

orex/o

Back 57

Appetite

Front 58

parot/o

Back 58

Partoid gland

Front 59

polyp/o

Back 59

small growth

Front 60

volv/o

Back 60

to roll

Front 61

-al

Back 61

Pertaining to

Front 62

-ectasis

Back 62

Expansion, dilation

Front 63

-iasis

Back 63

Condition of

Front 64

-ic

Back 64

Pertaining to

Front 65

-itis

Back 65

inflammation

Front 66

-malacia

Back 66

Softening

Front 67

-oid

Back 67

Resembling

Front 68

-oma

Back 68

Tumor

Front 69

-pathy

Back 69

Disease

Front 70

-penia

Back 70

Abnormal reduction in number, deficiency

Front 71

-ptosis

Back 71

Drooping

Front 72

-sis

Back 72

State of

Front 73

-y

Back 73

Process of

Front 74

anti-

Back 74

Against, opposite of

Front 75

dia-

Back 75

Through

Front 76

endo-

Back 76

within

Front 77

acid/o

Back 77

A solution or substance with a pH less than 7

Front 78

fec/o

Back 78

feces

Front 79

lapar/o

Back 79

abdomen

Front 80

nas/o

Back 80

Stone

Front 81

vag/o

Back 81

Vagus nerve

Front 82

-centesis

Back 82

Surgical puncture

Front 83

-ectomy

Back 83

surgical excision, removal

Front 84

-emetic

Back 84

Pertaining to vomiting

Front 85

-gram

Back 85

A record or image

Front 86

-graphy

Back 86

Recording process

Front 87

-plasty

Back 87

Surgical repair

Front 88

-rrhapy

Back 88

Suturing

Front 89

-scopy

Back 89

Process of viewing

Front 90

-spasmodic

Back 90

Pertaining to a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

Front 91

-stomy

Back 91

Surgical creation of an opening

Front 92

-tomy

Back 92

Incision, to cut

Front 93

Digestive system

Back 93

Converts food into a form the body can use for energy, growth, and repair

Front 94

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Back 94

Tract forms a long continuous tube that includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

Front 95

Digestion

Back 95

The breakdown of food particles into small subunits

Front 96

Intestinal flora

Back 96

Enormous number of organisms that are contained within the GI tract

Front 97

Gastroenterologist

Back 97

Physician specializing in stomach or intestinal disease

Front 98

Proctologist

Back 98

A physician specializing in disease of the rectum

Front 99

Proctologist

Back 99

A physician specializing in disease of the rectum

Front 100

Hepatobiliary

Back 100

Physician specializing in disease of the liver

Front 101

Oncologist

Back 101

Physician who specializes in cancer

Front 102

Internal medicine

Back 102

Area within a hospital that treats digestive disorders

Front 103

Internal medicine

Back 103

Area within a hospital that treats digestive disorders

Front 104

Aphagia

Back 104

The inability to swallow

Front 105

Ascites

Back 105

A accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen

Front 106

Constipation

Back 106

Infrequent or incomplete bowel movements

Front 107

Constipation

Back 107

Infrequent or incomplete bowel movements

Front 108

Diarrhea

Back 108

A frequent discharge of watery fecal material

Front 109

Dyspepsia

Back 109

Condition of difficult digestion

Front 110

Dysphagia

Back 110

Difficulty in a swallowing

Front 111

Flatus

Back 111

The presence of gas, or air, in the GI tract; flatulence

Front 112

Gastrodynia

Back 112

Symptom of stomach pain

Front 113

Halitosis

Back 113

Bad breath

Front 114

Hematemesis

Back 114

Vomiting blood

Front 115

Hepatomegaly

Back 115

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

Front 116

Jaundice

Back 116

A yellowish-orange coloration of the skin, sclera of the eyes, and deeper tissue

Front 117

Nausea

Back 117

An urge to vomit

Front 118

Reflux

Back 118

A backward flow of material in the GI tract, or regurgitation

Front 119

Steatorrhea

Back 119

Abnormal levels of fat in the feces is a sign of digestive malfunction; discharge of fat

Front 120

Anorexia nervosa

Back 120

Eating disorder in which the patient avoids food because of a compulsion to become thin in appearance; nervous condition of abscence of appetite

Front 121

Appendictis

Back 121

Inflammation of the appendix

Front 122

Bulimia

Back 122

Eating disorder involving repeated gorging with food followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse; binging and purging

Front 123

Cheilitis

Back 123

Inflammation of the lip

Front 124

Cholecystitis

Back 124

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Front 125

Choledochitis

Back 125

Inflammation of the common bile duct

Front 126

Cholelithisasis

Back 126

A generalized condition of stones lodeged within the gallbladder or bile ducts

Front 127

Cirrhosis

Back 127

A chronic, progressive liver disease characterized by the gradual loss of liver cells and their replacement by fat and other forms of connective tissue

Front 128

Cleft palate

Back 128

A congenital defect in which the bones supporting the roof of the mouth, or hard palate, fail to fire during fetal development, leaving a space between the oral cavity and nasal cavity

Front 129

Colitis

Back 129

Inflammation of the segment of the large intestine known as the colon

Front 130

Ulcerative colitis

Back 130

Inflammarion of the colon with chronic bleeding of the colon wall occurs to form bloody diarrhea

Front 131

Colorectal cancer

Back 131

Cancer of the colon including cancer of the rectum

Front 132

Crohn disease

Back 132

A chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract, most commonly the ileum of the small intestine, that involves ulceration, scar tissue formation, and thickening adhesions of the organ wall

Front 133

Diverticulosis

Back 133

The presence if diverticula without symptoms or with mild bowel discomfort

Front 134

Duodenal ulcer

Back 134

An ulcer, or erosion, in the wall of the duodenum of the small intestine

Front 135

Dysentery

Back 135

An acute inflammation of the GI tract that is caused by bacteria, protozoa, or chemical irritants

Front 136

Enteritis

Back 136

Inflammation of the small or large intestine

Front 137

Esophagitis

Back 137

Inflammation of the esophagus

Front 138

Food-borne illness

Back 138

Food contaminated with harmful bacteria; food poisoning

Front 139

Gastrectasis

Back 139

Abnormal stretching, or dilation, of h stomach

Front 140

Gastric Cancer

Back 140

An aggressive, metastatic cancer arising from cells lining the stomach; stomach cancer

Front 141

Gastric ulcer

Back 141

An ulcer, or erosion, in the wall of the stomach

Front 142

Gastritis

Back 142

Inflammation of the stomach

Front 143

Gastroenteritis

Back 143

Inflammation of the small intestine along with the stomach

Front 144

Gastroduodenitis

Back 144

Inflammation of the first segment of the small intestine, duodenum, along with the inflammation of the stomach

Front 145

Gastroenterocolitis

Back 145

Inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon all at once

Front 146

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Back 146

A recurring backflow, or reflux, of stomach contents into the esophagus

Front 147

Gastromalacia

Back 147

The softening of the stomach wall may occur

Front 148

Giardiasis

Back 148

Infection by the intestinal protozoa Giardia intestinalis

Front 149

Gingivitis

Back 149

Inflammation of the gums

Front 150

Glossitis

Back 150

Inflammation of the tongue

Front 151

Glossopathy

Back 151

Any disease of the tongue

Front 152

Hemorrhoids

Back 152

A varicose, or swollen, condition of the veins in the anus produces painful swellings that may break open and bleed; resembling leakage of blood

Front 153

Hepatitis

Back 153

Inflammation of the liver

Front 154

Hepatoma

Back 154

A tumor arising from the liver

Front 155

Hernia

Back 155

An abnormal protrusion through a body wall

Front 156

Inflammatory bowel disease

Back 156

A general term that includes the conditions ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease

Front 157

Intussusception

Back 157

Infolding of a segment of the small intestine within another segment

Front 158

Irritable bowel syndrome

Back 158

A chronic disease characterized by periodic disturbances of large intestinal function without clear physical damage

Front 159

Lactose intolerance

Back 159

A lack of the enzyme that breaks down lactose

Front 160

Malabsorption syndrome

Back 160

A bad disorder that is characterized by difficulty absorbing one or more nutrients

Front 161

Celiac disease

Back 161

Difficulty absorbing gluten

Front 162

Pancreatitis

Back 162

Inflammation of the pancreas

Front 163

Parotitis

Back 163

Inflammation of one or birth parotid glands

Front 164

Peptic ulcer

Back 164

An erosion into the inner wall of an organ along the GI tract

Front 165

Peritonitis

Back 165

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 166

Polyposis

Back 166

Any abnormal mass of tissue that projects onward from the wall of a hollow organ; condition of small growths

Front 167

Proctitis

Back 167

Inflammation of the anus

Front 168

Protoptosis

Back 168

A drooping or prolapse of the rectum

Front 169

Volvulus

Back 169

A severe twisting of the intestine that leads to obstruction

Front 170

Abdominocentesis

Back 170

A surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid

Front 171

Antacid

Back 171

An agent that reduces the acidity of the stomach cavity

Front 172

Antiemetic

Back 172

A drug that prevents or stops the vomiting reflex

Front 173

Antispasmodic

Back 173

A drug that refuses peristalsis activity in the GI tract

Front 174

Appendectomy

Back 174

Surgical removal of the appendix

Front 175

Bariatric surgery

Back 175

Procedure for treating obesity; treatment of weight; reduces the volume of the stomach

Front 176

Bariatric surgery

Back 176

Procedure for treating obesity; treatment of weight; reduces the volume of the stomach

Front 177

Cathartic

Back 177

An agent that stimulates strong waves of peristalsis of the colon

Front 178

Cheilorrhapy

Back 178

Suturing lip

Front 179

Cholecystectomy

Back 179

The surgical removal of the gallbladder

Front 180

Colectomy

Back 180

Surgical removal of a segment of the colon

Front 181

Colostomy

Back 181

Surgical opening of the colon

Front 182

Colostomy

Back 182

Surgical opening of the colon

Front 183

Fecal occult blood test

Back 183

A clinical lab test performed to detect blood in the feces

Front 184

Gastrectomy

Back 184

Surgical removal of part of the stomach or the entire organ

Front 185

Gastric lavage

Back 185

A cleansing procedure in which the stomach is irrigated with a prescribed solution

Front 186

Gavage

Back 186

To force-feed; the process of feeding a patient through a tube

Front 187

GI endoscopy

Back 187

Visual examination of the interior of the GI tract

Front 188

Colonoscopy

Back 188

Endoscopic procedure using a endoscope to view the colon

Front 189

GI series

Back 189

A common term applied to several diagnostic techniques that provide radiographic examination of the GI tract

Front 190

GI series

Back 190

A common term applied to several diagnostic techniques that provide radiographic examination of the GI tract

Front 191

Gingivectomy

Back 191

Surgical removal of diseased tissue in the gums

Front 192

Glossorrhapy

Back 192

Surgery to close wound with sutures on the tongue

Front 193

Hemorrhoidectomy

Back 193

Surgical removal of hemorrhoids

Front 194

Herniorrhapy

Back 194

Surturing a hernia

Front 195

Ileostomy

Back 195

A surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall and into the ileum of the small intestine

Front 196

Ileostomy

Back 196

A surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall and into the ileum of the small intestine

Front 197

Laparotomy

Back 197

The surgical procedure that involves an incision through the abdominal wall

Front 198

Laparoscopy

Back 198

Modified endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall via one or more small incisions

Front 199

Polypectomy

Back 199

The surgical removal of polyps

Front 200

Pyloroplasty

Back 200

Surgical repair of the pylorus region of the stomach

Front 201

Stool culture and sensitivity

Back 201

Obtaining stool samples and using the sample in a culture to identify microorganisms

Front 202

Vagotomy

Back 202

The surgical dissection of branches of the vagus nerve