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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Learning |
A relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience |
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Reflex Actions |
Automatic involuntary behaviour that does not require prior experience and occurs in the same way each time. e.g: grasping reflex in newborns, pupil dilations. |
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Fixed-Action Patterns |
An innate predisposition to behave in a certain way in response to a specific stimulus that is observable within a species or subgroup of a species. |
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Features |
- All members of a species (or gender specific) - Behaviour is similar whenever executed - Once organism is mature enough it will perform the behaviour on the first trial without learning - Difficult to change - Complex |
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Maturation |
Developmental process leading towards maturity, based on the orderly sequence pf change that occurs in the nervous system and other bodily structures controlled by genetic inheritance. e.g: babies crawling, walking |
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Development of neural pathways |
The more active a neural pathway is the stronger the connection becomes between the pre and post synaptic neuron. LTP Fire together, wire together |
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Synapse |
The greater the use the more effective the message. Neurons will grow and increase the strength at the synapse. |
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Glutamate |
Initiates activity in the post synaptic neuron. Believed to increase ans strengthen synaptic connections. |
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Dopamine |
Also strengthens synapse Plays key role in reward based learning The release of dopamine produces a pleasurable experience and motivates the individual to repeat the behaviour. |
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Plasticity |
The ability of the brain's neural structures or functions to be changed by experience throughout the lifespan. |
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Developmental Plasticity |
Changes in the brains neural structure in response to experience during its growth and development. |
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Synaptogenesis |
The process of forminf new synapses |
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Synaptic Pruning |
The process of eliminating synaptic connections |
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Adaptive plasticity |
Changes occurring in the brain's neural structure to enable adjustment to experience, to compensate for lost function and/or to maximise remaining functions in the event of brain damage. |
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Rerouting |
An undamaged neuron that has lost a connection with an active neuron may seek new active neuron and connect with it instead |
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Sprouting |
The growth of new bushier nerve fibres with more branches to make new connections |
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Sensitive Period |
A period of development when an organism is more responsive to certain environmental stimuli or experiences. E,g: time when learning is best such as language |
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Experience Expectant Learning |
WHen the brain encounters the experience that is expected, ideally in a sensitive period because this is the best time for it to occur. E.g: Language when young |
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Experience Dependant Learning |
Learning depends on exposure to specific experience at any time during development. e.g: Learning to play an instrument at any time but must be exposed to the instrument |
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Critical Period |
Specific period in development during which an organism is most vulnerable to the deprivation or absence certain environmental stimuli or experience e.g: ducks imprinting after hatching |
