Chapter 10

Front 1

autonomic nervous system

Back 1

nerves that carry involuntary impulses to somoth muscle cardiac muscle and various glands

Front 2

hypothalamus

Back 2

control center for the autonomic nervous system located below the thalamus (diencephalon)

Front 3

sympathetic nervous system

Back 3

division of the ANS concered primarily with preparting the body in stressfull or emergency situations

Front 4

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 4

division fo the ANS that is the most active in ordinary conditions

Front 5

aphasia

Back 5

condition without speach

Front 6

dysarthria

Back 6

contition of difficult articulation

Front 7

dysphasia

Back 7

difficulty speaking

Front 8

coma

Back 8

decrease cosciousness

Front 9

delirium

Back 9

state of mental confusion

Front 10

dementia

Back 10

impairment of intellectual function (memory loss, disorientation, confusion)

Front 11

motor deficit

Back 11

loss or impairment of muscle function

Front 12

sensory deficit

Back 12

loss or impairment of sensation

Front 13

neuralagia

Back 13

pain along of the course of a nerve

Front 14

paralysis

Back 14

temporary or permanaent of loss of motor control

Front 15

flaccid paralysis

Back 15

defective (flabby) or absent of muscle control caused by a nerve lesion

Front 16

spastic paralysis

Back 16

stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder

Front 17

hemiparesis

Back 17

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

Front 18

sciatica

Back 18

pain that follows that pathway of the sciatic nerve caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots

Front 19

seizure

Back 19

sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses

Front 20

convulsion

Back 20

to pull together; type of seizure that causes a sreies of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles

Front 21

syncope

Back 21

fainting

Front 22

tactile stimulation

Back 22

evoking a response by touching

Front 23

hyperesthesia

Back 23

increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain

Front 24

paresthesia

Back 24

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling w/o objective cause

Front 25

agnosia

Back 25

any of many types of loss of neurological function assoc. w/ interpretation of sensory info.

Front 26

astereognosis

Back 26

inability to judge the form of an object by touch

Front 27

atopognosis

Back 27

inability to locate a sensation properly

Front 28

alzheimer disease

Back 28

disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions

Front 29

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Back 29

a condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control

Front 30

cerebral palsy (CP)

Back 30

condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth, characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination.

Front 31

cerebrovascular disease

Back 31

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

Front 32

cerebral arteriosclerosis

Back 32

hardening of the arteries of the brain

Front 33

cerebral atheriosclerosis

Back 33

condition of lipid buildup within the blood bessels of the brain

Front 34

cerebral aneurysm

Back 34

dilation of a blood vessel in the brain (dilation or widening)

Front 35

cerebral thrombosis

Back 35

presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain

Front 36

cerebral embolism

Back 36

obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through the circulation

Front 37

Cerebrovascular accident stroke (CVA)

Back 37

damage to the brain caused by cerbrovascular diease

Front 38

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Back 38

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain usually caused by a partial occlusion that sesults in temporary neurologiacal deficit (impairment) often precedes a CVA

Front 39

carotid

Back 39

ischemia of the anterior circulation of the brain

Front 40

vertebrobasilar TIA

Back 40

ischemia of the posterior circulation fo the brain

Front 41

encephalitis

Back 41

inflammation of the brain

Front 42

epilepsy

Back 42

disorder affecting the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures

Front 43

tonic-clonic

Back 43

stiffening-jerking

Front 44

absence

Back 44

seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement

Front 45

partial

Back 45

seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms

Front 46

glioma

Back 46

tumor of gilial cells graded by degree of malignancy

Front 47

herniated kisk

Back 47

protrusion of a degenerated of fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, cusing compression on the nerve root

Front 48

herpes zoster

Back 48

viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves,pinful blisters that spread over the skin affecting the nerves (shingles)

Front 49

huntington chorea

Back 49

bizarre involuntary body movements

Front 50

huntington disease(HD)

Back 50

hereditary disease of the central nervous system

Front 51

hydrocephalus

Back 51

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

Front 52

meningioma

Back 52

benign tumor of the coverings of the brain (meninges)

Front 53

meningitis

Back 53

inflammation of the meninges

Front 54

migraine headache

Back 54

paroxysmal attacks of mostly unilateral headache often accompanied by diordered vision, nausea and vomiting lasting hours or days caused by dilation of arteries

Front 55

multiple sclerosis

Back 55

disease of the central nervous system (deterioration fo the myelin sheath)

Front 56

myasthenia gravis

Back 56

autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction

Front 57

myelitis

Back 57

inflammation of the spinal cord

Front 58

narcolepsy

Back 58

sleep disorder (sudden uncontrollable need to sleep

Front 59

parkinson disease

Back 59

slowly progressive degeneration of the brainstem (substantia nigra)

Front 60

plegia

Back 60

paralysis

Front 61

hemiplegia

Back 61

paralysis on one side of the body

Front 62

paraplegia

Back 62

paralysis from the waist down

Front 63

quadriplegia

Back 63

paralysis of all four limbs

Front 64

poliomyelitis

Back 64

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord cused by a virus

Front 65

polyneuritis

Back 65

inflammation involving 2 or more nerves, often owing to a nutritional deficiency such as thiamine

Front 66

reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Back 66

condition of abnormal function of the sympathetic nervous system in response to pain perception

Front 67

sleep apnea

Back 67

periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

Front 68

spina bifida

Back 68

congenital defect in the spinal column characteried by the absence of verebral arches

Front 69

electroencephalogram

Back 69

record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain unsed to identify neurological conditions that affect brain function and level of consciousness

Front 70

evoked potentials

Back 70

record of minute electrical potentials (waves) that are extracted from ongoing EEG activity

Front 71

nerve conduction (NCV)

Back 71

electrical shock of peripheral nerves to record time of conduction

Front 72

polysomnography (PSG)

Back 72

recording of various aspects of sleep (eye, and muscle movements, respiration, EEG)

Front 73

lumbar puncture (LP)

Back 73

specialized needle into the spine in the lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, such as to obtion cerebrospinal fluid for testing SPINAL TAP

Front 74

magnetic resonance amgography

Back 74

imaging of the blood vessels (atherosclerosis and thrombosis)

Front 75

intracranial (MRA)

Back 75

MRI of the head to visualize the vessels of the circle of Willis

Front 76

extracranial MRA

Back 76

MRI of the neck to visualize the carotid artery

Front 77

nuclear medicine imaging

Back 77

radionuclide organ imaging

Front 78

SPECT brain scan

Back 78

scan combining nuclear medicine and CT technology to produce images of the brain after administration fo radioactive isotopes

Front 79

positron emission tomography (PET)

Back 79

technique combining nuclear medicine and CT to produce images of brain anatomy (used to study strokes)

Front 80

radiography

Back 80

x-ray

Front 81

cerebral angiogram

Back 81

x-ray of blood vessels in the brain after intracarotid injection of contrast medium

Front 82

CT (of the head)

Back 82

x-ray images of the head used to visualize abnormalties within

Front 83

myelogram

Back 83

x-ray of the spinal cord made after intraspinal injection of contrast medium

Front 84

reflex testing

Back 84

test performed to observe the body's response to a stimulus

Front 85

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

Back 85

involuntary muscle contraction after percussion at a tendon

Front 86

Babinski sign/flex

Back 86

pathological response to stimulation fo the plantar surface of the foot

Front 87

transcranial sonogram

Back 87

ultrasound beams through the skull to assess blood flow in intracranial vessels

Front 88

crainectomy

Back 88

excision of part of the skull to approach the brain

Front 89

crainiotomy

Back 89

incision into the skull to approach the brain

Front 90

diskectomy

Back 90

removal of a herniated kisk often done percutaneously

Front 91

laminectomy

Back 91

excision of one or more laminae of the vertebrae to approach the spinal cord

Front 92

vertebral lamina

Back 92

flattened posterior portion of the vertebral arch

Front 93

mircosurgery

Back 93

utilization of a microscope to dissect minute structures during surgery

Front 94

neuroendovascular surgery

Back 94

utilization of a microscoe to dissect minute structures during surgery

Front 95

neuroplasty

Back 95

diagnosis and treatment of disorders within cerebral blood vessels performed in a specialized angiographic laboratory by interventional neuroradiologists

Front 96

neuropasty

Back 96

surgical repair of a nerve

Front 97

spodylosyndesis

Back 97

spinal fusion

Front 98

chemotherapy

Back 98

treatment of malignancies, infections and other diseases with chemical agents

Front 99

radiation therapy

Back 99

treatment of neoplastic disease using ionizing radiation

Front 100

stereotactic radiosurgery

Back 100

radiation treatment to inactivate malignant lesions involving the focus of multiple, precise external radiation beams on a target

Front 101

stereotactic frame

Back 101

mechanical device used to localize a point in space targeting a precise site

Front 102

trombolytic therapy

Back 102

dissolution of thrombi using drugs

Front 103

anticoagulant

Back 103

drug that prevents clotting of the blood

Front 104

anticonvulsant

Back 104

prevents or lessens convulsion

Front 105

hypnotic

Back 105

agent that induces sleep

Front 106

sedative

Back 106

calming effect

Front 107

affect

Back 107

emotional feeling or mood

Front 108

flat affect

Back 108

significantly dulled emotional tone or outward reaction

Front 109

apathy

Back 109

lack of interest or emotion

Front 110

catatonia

Back 110

state of unresponsiveness

Front 111

delusion

Back 111

persistent belief that has no basis in reality

Front 112

grandiose delusion

Back 112

person's false belief that he or she possesses great wealth, intelligence or power

Front 113

persecutory delusion

Back 113

person's false belief that someone is plotting against him or her with intent to harm

Front 114

dysphoria

Back 114

restless, dissatisfied mood

Front 115

euphoria

Back 115

exaggerated, unfounded feeling of well-being

Front 116

hallucination

Back 116

flase perception of the senses for which there is no reality

Front 117

ideation

Back 117

formation of thoughts or ideas (suicidal ideation)

Front 118

mania

Back 118

state of abnormal elation and increased activity

Front 119

neurosis

Back 119

psychological condition in which anxiety is prominent

Front 120

psychosis

Back 120

mental condition characterized by distortion of reality, resulting in the inability to communicate or function within one's environment

Front 121

thought disorder

Back 121

thought that lacks clear processing or logical direction

Front 122

major depression

Back 122

disorder causing periodic disturbances in mood that affect concentration, sleep, activity, appetite and social behavior. felling worthlessness

Front 123

dysthymia

Back 123

milder affective disorder. chronic depression (2 years)

Front 124

manic depression

bipolar disorder (BD)

Back 124

mood swings of mania and depression (ups and downs)

Front 125

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Back 125

episodes of depression that most often occur during the fall and winter and remit in the spring

Front 126

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Back 126

most common anxiety disorder. (chronic, excessive and uncontrollable worry

Front 127

panic disorder (PD)

Back 127

sudden, recurrent attacks of intense feelings of intense feelings including physical symptoms that mimic a heart attack

Front 128

phobia

Back 128

exaggerated fear of a specific object

Front 129

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Back 129

condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience

Front 130

obsessive-compulsive diorder (OCD)

Back 130

anxiety diorder featuring unwanted, senseless obsessions accompanied by repeated compulsions

Front 131

hypochodriasis

Back 131

preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffering from a serious condition

Front 132

autism

Back 132

neurological diorder affecting brain function

Front 133

dyslexia

Back 133

difficulty understanding written or spoken words

Front 134

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Back 134

consistent hyperactivity

Front 135

mental retardation

Back 135

condition of subaverage intelligence

Front 136

anorexia nervosa

Back 136

abnormal perceptions about one's body weight

Front 137

bulimia nervosa

Back 137

binge eating and then vomiting

Front 138

substance abuse disorders

Back 138

abuse of substances such as drugs, alcohol or other toxins

Front 139

schizophrenia

Back 139

ditored cogvitive and emotional perception of one's environment

Front 140

disorganized schizophrenia

Back 140

featuring disorganized speach, behavior

Front 141

catatonic schizophrenia

Back 141

catatonia

Front 142

paranoid schizophrenia

Back 142

delusions, most often persecutory or grandiose types

Front 143

schizoaffective disorder

Back 143

concurrent with major depression or manic depression

Front 144

electroconvulsive therapy

Back 144

electrical shock

Front 145

light therapy

Back 145

illuminating light boxes and visors to treat seasonal affective disorder

Front 146

psychotherapy

Back 146

treatment of psychiatric disorders using verbal and onverbal interactions with patients

Front 147

behavioral therapy

Back 147

treatment to decrease or stop unwanted behavior

Front 148

congnitive therapy

Back 148

treatment to change unwanted patterns of thinking

Front 149

psychotropic drugs

Back 149

medications used to treat mental illnesses

Front 150

antianxiety agents

anxiolytic

Back 150

drugs used to reduce anxiety

Front 151

antidepressant

Back 151

agent that counteracts depression

Front 152

neuroleptic agents

Back 152

drugs used to treat psychosis