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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Apocrine glands |
Coiled structure attached to the hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat. |
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Arrector pili muscle |
Small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle that causes goose flesh when the appendage contracts, sometimes called goose bumps and papillae. |
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Barrier function |
Protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and the intercellular matrix protects the surface from the irritation and dehydration. |
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Ceramides |
Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin's interstellar matrix and barrier function |
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Collagen |
Fibers, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness. Typically, a large, long-chain molcular protein that lies on top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows and other sources |
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Corneocytes |
Another name for a stratum corneum cell. Harden, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; these "dead" protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei |
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Dermal papillae |
Membranes of ridge and grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to the skin and follicles. |
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Dermis |
Also known as derma, Corium, Cutis or true skin; support layer of connective tissue, Collegen, and elastin below the epidermis. |
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desmosomes |
The structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connection is made of proteins. |
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Eccrine glands |
Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin's surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an offensive odor. |
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Elastin |
Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness. |
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Epidermal growth factor |
Abbreviated EGF; stimulates cells to reproduce and heal. |
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Epidermis |
Outermost layer of the skin of sin, protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings. It is made up of five layers: stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum. |
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Eumelanin |
A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in colour. People with dark colored skin mostly produce eumelanin. There are two types of melanin; the other type is pheomelanin. |
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Fibroblasts |
Cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins. |
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Follicles |
Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tube like opening in the epidermis. |
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Glycation |
Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, non-functioning structures, known as advanced glycation end products (aka AGES). Glycation alters protein structures and decreases biological activity. |
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Hair papillae |
Cone shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fits into the hair bulb. The papillae are filled in with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment. |
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Hyaluronic acid |
Hydrating fluids found in the skin hydrophilic agent with water-binding properties. |
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Hydrolipidic |
Hydrophilic film is an oil-watwr balance that protects the skin surface. |
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Intercellular matrix |
Lipid substance between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation. |
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Keratin |
Protein of cells that is also the principal component of the skin, hair, and nails; provides resiliency and protection |
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Keratinocytes |
Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins. |
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Langerhans immune cells |
Guard cells of the immune system of that sentence unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and the process these antigens for removal through the lymph system. |
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Leukocytes |
White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites. These white blood cells also respond to allergies. |
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Lymph vessels |
Located in the dermis, these supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste. |
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Melanin |
Tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis. It is a protein that determines hair, eyes, and skin color; a defense mechanism to protect skin from the Sun. |
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Melanocytes |
Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer. |
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Melanosomes |
Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein. |
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Papillary layer |
Top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis. |
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Pheomelanin |
What type of melon that is red and yellow in color. People with light colored skin mostly produced pheomelanim. There are two types of melanin; the other is eumelanin. |
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Pores |
Tube-like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis. |
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Reticular layer |
Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscle, sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings. |
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Rosacea |
Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules. |
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Sebaceous glands |
Also known as oil glands; protect the surface of the skin. Sebaceous glands are appendages connected to follicles. |
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Sebum |
Oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair. |
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Stratum corneum |
Also known as horny layer; outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes. |
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Stratum germinativum |
Also known as basal cell layer; active layer in the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth. |
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Stratum granulosum |
Also knownas granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum. |
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Stratum lucidum |
Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet. |
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Stratum spinosum |
Also known as spinly layer; layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum (basal) layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins. |
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Subcutaneous layer |
Also known as hypodermis; subcutaneous adipose (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and engery storage for the body. |
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Subcutis tissue |
Also known as adipose tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to tje body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin. |
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Sudoriferous glands |
Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals. |
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T-cells |
Identify molecules that have foreign peptides and also help regulate immune response. |
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Telangiectasia |
Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larfer, or distended, blood vessels; commonly called couperose skin. |
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Transepidermal water loss |
Abbreviated TEWL; water lass caused by evaporation on the skin's surface. |
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Tyrosinase |
The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin. |
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UVA radiation |
Also known as aging rays; longer wavelengths ranging between 320 to 400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB; cause genetic damage and cell death. UVA contributes up to 95% of the skin's ultaviolet radiation. |
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UVA radiation |
Also known as buring rays UVB wavelengths range between 290 to 320 nanometers. UVB rays have shorter, burning wavelengths that are stronger and damaging than UVA rays. UVB causes burning of the skin as well as tanning, skin againg, and cancer. |