Chapter 10

Front 1

An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activites that should reduce this tension.

(push)

Back 1

Drive

Front 2

An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior.

(pull)

Back 2

Incentive

Front 3

Lateral hypothalamus (LH)

Back 3

Part of the brain involved in hunger

Front 4

Ventralmedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH)

Back 4

Part of the brain involved in hunger

Front 5

Arcuate nucleus

Back 5

Part of the brain involved in hunger

Front 6

Paraventricular nucleus

Back 6

Part of the brain involved in hunger

Front 7

Proposed that fluctuations in blood glucose level are monitored in the brain, where they influence the experience of hunger.

Back 7

Glucostatic theory

Front 8

Secreted by the stomach, causes stomach contractions and promotes hunger.

Back 8

Ghrelin

Front 9

Hormone secreted in the duodenum of the small intestine, reduces hunger.

Back 9

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Front 10

Contributes to long term regulation of hunger, as well as the modulation of numerous other bodily functions.

Back 10

Leptin

Front 11

Weight divided by heaight squared

Back 11

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Front 12

The need to master difficult challenges, to out perform others and to meet high standards of excellence.

Back 12

Achievement motive

Front 13

A test that requires subjects to respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal personal motives and traits. A projective test.

Back 13

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Front 14

Motivation, probability, incentive.

Back 14

Situational determinants of achievement behavior.

Front 15

Subjective conscious experience (cognitive),

bodily arousal (physiological),

characteristic overt expressions (behavioral).

Back 15

Components of emotion

Front 16

Efforts to predict one's emotional reactions to future events.

Back 16

Affective forecasting

Front 17

An increase in the electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity.

Back 17

Galvanic skin response (GSR)

Front 18

Known for its role in planning and executive control, appears to contribute to efforts to voluntarily control emotional reactions.

Back 18

Prefrontal cortex

Front 19

Plays a major role in the experience of pleasurable emotions associated with rewarding events.

Back 19

Mesolimbic dopamine pathway

Front 20

May play a role in empathy.

Back 20

Mirror neurons

Front 21

At the core of a complex set of neural circuits process emotion. Fast pathway. Independent of cognitive awareness.

Back 21

Amygdala

Front 22

Sensory input capable of eliciting emotions arrive here. Then routes the information on the fast pathway and the slow pathway.

Back 22

Thalamus

Front 23

Norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotion.

Back 23

Display rules

Front 24

The perception of physical arousal leads to the conscious experience of fear.

Back 24

James-Lange theory

Front 25

Different emotions are accompanied by somewhat different patterns of autonomic activation.

Back 25

Autonomic specificity

Front 26

Emotion occurs when the thalamus sends signals simultaneously to the cortex and the autonomic nervous system. The cortex creates the conscious experience of emotion and the autonomic nervous system creates the visceral arousal.

Back 26

Cannon-Bard theory

Front 27

Appraising what your emotion is based on internal and external cues.

Back 27

Schachter's Two-Factor theory

Front 28

Occurs when the mental scale that people use to judge the pleasantness or unpleasantness of their experiences shifts so that their neutral point, or baseline for comparison, changes.

Back 28

Hedonic adaptation

Front 29

Consists of one or more premises that are used to provide support for a conclusion.

Back 29

Argument

Front 30

The reasons that are presented to persuade someone that a conclusion is true or probably true.

Back 30

Premises

Front 31

Premises for which no proof or evidence is offered.

Back 31

Assumptions

Front 32

The conclusion does not follow the premise.

Back 32

Irrelevant reasoning

Non-sequitur

Front 33

The conclusion is the premise.

Back 33

Circular reasoning

Front 34

If you allow X to happen, things will spin out of control and far worse events will follow.

Back 34

Slippery slope

Front 35

The similarity between A and B is superficial, minimal, or irrelevant to the issue at hand.

Back 35

Weak analogies

Front 36

Creates an either/or choice between two outcomes. With us or against us.

Back 36

False dichotomy