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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aque/o
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water
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blephar/o
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eyelid
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conjunctiv/o
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conjunctiva (to join together)
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corne/o, kerat/o
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cornea
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ir/o, irid/o
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colored circle, iris
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lacrim/o, dacry/o
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tear
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ocul/o, opthalm/o, opt/o
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eyes
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phac/o, phak/o
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lens (lentil)
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phot/o
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light
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presby/o
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old age
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retin/o
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retina
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scler/o
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hard or sclera
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vitre/o
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glassy
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-opia
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condition of vision
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anterior chamber
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fluid-filled space between cornea and iris
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aqueous humor
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watery liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chamber of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens
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canal of Schlemm
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duct in anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream
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choroid
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vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to outer portion of the retina
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ciliary body
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ring of muscle behind the peripheral iris that controls the focusing shape of the lens
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ciliary muscle
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smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision capability
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ciliary processes
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epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor
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conjunctiva
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mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
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cornea
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transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend0 light to focus a visual image
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eyelid (palebra)
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movable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
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fovea centralis
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pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision
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fundus (base)
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interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disc, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye)
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glands of Zeis
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oil glands surrounding the eyelashes
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meibomian glands
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oil glands located along the rim of the eyelid
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iris
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colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil
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lacrimal gland
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gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears
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lacrimal ducts
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tubes that carry tears to the lacrimal sac
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lacrimal sac
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structure that collects tears before emptying into nasolacrimal duct
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lens
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transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina
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lens capsule
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capsule that encloses the lens
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macula lutea (macula)
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central region of the retina responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color
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nasolacrimal duct
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passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
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optic disc
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exit site of retinal nerve fibers
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optic nerve
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nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain
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posterior chamber
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space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber filled with aqueous humor
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pupil
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black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye
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cones
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cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light
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rods
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rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light
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sclera
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tough, fibrous white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
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trabecular meshwork
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mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows back into the canal of schlemm
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vitreous
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jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
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asthenopia
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eyestrain
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blepharospasm
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involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing
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diplopia
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double vision
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exopthalmos, exopthalmus
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abnormal protrusion of one or both eyes
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lacrimation
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secretion of tears
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nystagmus
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involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball
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photophobia
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extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light
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scotoma
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blind spot in vision
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refractive errors
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defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina
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astigmatism
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distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina
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hyperopia
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farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point beyond the retina
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myopia
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nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina
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presbyopia
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impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation
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accommodation
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ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
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aphakia
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absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
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blephritis
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inflammation of the eyelid
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blepharochalasis, dermatochalasis
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baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open
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blepharoptosis, ptosis
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drooping of the eyelid, usually caused by paralysis
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chalazion
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chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct
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cataract
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opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
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conjunctivitis
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pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
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dacryoadenitis
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inflammation of the lacrimal gland
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dacryocystitis
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inflammation of the tear sac
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diabetic retinopathy
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disease of the retina in diabetics characterize by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation leading to scarring and loss of vision
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extropion
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outward turning of the rim of the eyelid
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entropion
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inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
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epiphora
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abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct
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glaucoma
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a group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optics nerve, producing defects in vision
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hordeolum
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a sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid
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iritis
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inflammation of the iris
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keratitis
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inflammation of the corneamascular degeneration
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mascular degeneration
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breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
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pseudophakia
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an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant
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pterygium
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a fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that expands onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
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retinal detachment
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separation of the retina from underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
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retinitis
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inflammation of the retina
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strabismus, heterotropia
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a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
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esotropia
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right or left eye deviates inward toward nose
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exotropia right or left eye deviates outward away from nose
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right or left eye deviates outward away from nose
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scleritis
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inflammation of the sclera
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trichiasis
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misdirected eyelashes that rub on conjunctiva cornea
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distance visual acuity
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a measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance, usually from 20 feet, normal distance visual acuity is 20/20
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fluorescein angiography
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visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye
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opthalmoscopy
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use of an opthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
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slit lamp biomicroscopy
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use of a tabletop microscope used to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes
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sonography
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use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye, such as foreign bodies or detached retina
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tonometry
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use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma
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blepharoplasty
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surgical repair of an eyelid
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cataract extraction
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excision of a cloudy lens from the eye
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cryoretinopexy
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use of intense cold to seal a whole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment
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dacryocystectomy
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excision of a lacrimal sac
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enucleation
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excision of an eyeball
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iridectomy
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excision of a portion of iris tissue
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iridotomy
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incision into the iris to allow for drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma
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keratoplasty
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corneal transplant
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laser surgery
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use of a laser to make incisions or destroy tissues
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laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
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a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism
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intraocular lens implant (IOL)
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implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens
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phacoemulsification
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use of ultra sound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal
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contact lens
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a small; plastic curves disc with optical correction that fits over the cornea; used to correct refractive errors
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eye instillation
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introduction of a medicated solution in the eye usually administered by drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in affected eye or eyes
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eye irrigation
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washing of the eye with water or other fluid
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antibiotic opthalmic solution
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antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections
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mydriatic
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an agent that causes dilation of the pupil
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miotic
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an agent that causes the pupil to contract
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