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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence.
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Genetic code
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Three mRNA nucleotides, that specifies a corresponding amino acid.
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Codon
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What letter is a Start Codon, what amino acid does it code for, and what does it engage?
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AUG, Methionine, Engages a ribosomes to start translating, mRNA.
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What letters is a Stop Codon, What does it cause?
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UAA, UAG, UGA, cause ribosomes to stop translating an mRNA.
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Process of assembling polypeptides from information in mRNA
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Translation
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Three tRNA molecules that brings the specific amino acid during translation.
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Anticodon
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Ribosomes are composed of _____ and _____ and are usually both free in the cytosol and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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rRNA
Proteins |
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Three building sites in ribosomes.
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1. Binding site holds an mRNA
2. and 3. hold tRNA whose anticodons pair with the mRNA codons. |
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The assembly of a polypeptide begins when a...
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Ribosome attaches to the start codon.
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The first amino acid in every polypeptide is ____
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methionine.
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The function of a protein depends on...
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Its ability to bind with other molecules within a cell.
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Sequence of nucleotides in mRNA trascript is translated into...
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A sequence of amino acids.
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Activation of a gene that results in the formation of a protein.
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Gene Expression
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Complete genetic material contained in an individual.
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Genome
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Structural genes
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Genes that code for particular polypeptides.
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Promoter
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DNA segment that recognizes the enzymes RNA polymerase.
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Operator
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DNA segment that serves as a binding site for an inhibitory protein that blocks trnascription.
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Operon
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Series of genes that code for a specific products and regulatory elements that contorl these genes.
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Lac operon
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Structural genes coded for the enzymes that regulates lactose metabolism.
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Repressor protein
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Protein that inhibits a specific gene from being expressed.
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Repression
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Blockage of transcription by the action of a repressor protein.
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Regulator gene
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Codes for the production of the repressor protein.
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Inducer
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Molecule that initiates gene expression
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Activation
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Removal of a repressor protein
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Euchromation
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Uncoiled form of DNA.
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Introns
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Sections of a structural gene that do not code for amino acids.
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Exons
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Section of a structural gene that, when expressed, are translated into proteins.
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Pre-mRNA
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Form of messenger RNA that contains both introns and exons.
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Enhancer
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Noncoding control sequence in a eukaryotic gene .
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Transcription factor
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Additional proteins that bind to enhancers and RNA polymerase and regulate transcitption.
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