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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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allele
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an alternative form of a gene.
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gene
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sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protien or RNA molecule.
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dominant allele
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is one that exerts its effects whenever it is present.
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recessive allele
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is one whose effect is masked if a dominate allele is present.
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homozygous
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for a particular gene has two identical allele, meaning that both parents contributed the same gene version.
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heterozygous
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Individual has two different alleles for the gene; that is, the two parents contribute different genetic information.
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genotypes
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express the genetic makeup of an individual. Homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and heterozygous are examples of genotype.
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phenotype
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the organism genotype is a distinct form of a phenotype.outward expression of an allele combination.
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wild-type
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allele, genotype, or phenotype is the most common form or expression of a gene in a population.
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mutant
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allele or phenotype is a variant that arises when a gene undergoes mutation or sequence change.
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P generation
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is the first set of individuals being mated.
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F 1 generation
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is the offspring from the P generation.
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F 2 generation
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the offspring of the F 1 plants and so on.
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monohybrid cross
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a mating between two individuals that are both heterozygous for one gene.
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punnett square
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uses the genotypes of the parents to reveal which alleles the offspring may inherit,
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test cross
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a mating between a homozygous recessive individual and of unknown geneotype.
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law of segregation
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wich states that the two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes, they segregate or move apart from each other, during gamete formation formation.
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mendel's law of segregation.
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during meiosis, homologous pairs of chromosomes and the genes they carry separate from one another and are packaged into separate gametes. at fertilization, gametes combine at random to form the next generation.
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dihybrid cross
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a mating between two individuals that are each heterozygous for two genes.
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law of independent assortment.
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states that during gamete formation, the segregationof the alleles for one gene does not influence the segregation for another gene.
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product rule
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states that the chance that two independent events willl both occur.
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incomplete dominance
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the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between those of two homozygotes.
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codominance
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heterozygotes fully express two differnt allleles .
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pleiotropic
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gene has mulitple phenotypic expressions.
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polygenic
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the phenotype reflects the activities of more than one gene.
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