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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anthropology |
the study of human nature, human society, and the human past |
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holsim |
a characteristic of the anthropological perspective that describes, at the highest and most inclusive level, how anthropology tries to integrate all that is known about human beings and their activities, with the result that the whole is understood to be greater than the sumo f its parts |
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comparison |
a characteristic of the anthropological perspective that requires anthropologists to consider similarities and differences in as wide a range of human societies as possible before generalizing about human nature, human society, or the human past |
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evolution |
a characteristic of the anthropological perspective that requires anthropologists to place their observations about human nature, human society, or the human past in a temporal framework that takes into consideration change over time |
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culture |
sets of learned behavior and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society. Human beings use culture to adapt to and to transform the world in which they live |
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biocultural organisms |
organisms (in this case, human beings) whose defining features are codetermined by biological and cultural factors |
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material culture |
objects created or shaped by human beings and given meaning by cultural practices |
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races |
social groupings that allegedly reflect biological differences |
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racism |
the systematic oppression of one or more socially defined "races" by another socially defined "race" that is justified in terms of the supposed inherent biological superiority of the rulers and the supposed inhered biological inferiority of those they rule |
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biological anthropology |
the specialty of anthropology that looks at human beings as biological organisms and tries to discover what characteristics make them different from other organisms and what characteristics they share |
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primatology |
the study of non human primates, the closest living relatives of human beings |
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paleoanthropology |
the search for fossilized remains of humanity's earliest ancestors |
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cultural anthropology |
the specialty of anthropology that shows how variation in the beliefs and behaviors of members of different human groups is shaped by sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society - that is, by culture |
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sex |
observable physical characteristics that distinguish two kinds of humans, females and males, needed for biological reproduction |
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gender |
the cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex |
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fieldwork |
an extended period of close involvement with the people in whose language or way of life anthropologists are interested, during which anthropologists ordinarily collect most of their data |
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informants |
people in a particular culture who work with anthropologists and provide them with insights about their way of life, also called respondents, teachers, or friends |
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ethnography |
an anthropologist's written or filmed description of a particular culture |
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ethnology |
the comparative study of two or more cultures |
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language |
the system of arbitrary vocal symbols used to encode one's experience of the world and of others |
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linguistic anthropology |
the specialty of anthropology concerned with the study of human languages |
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archaeology |
a cultural anthropology of the yuma past involving the analysis of material remains left behind by earlier societies |
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applied anthropology |
the subfield of anthropology that uses information gathered from the other anthropological specialties to solve practical cross-cultural problems |
