Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation

Front 1

The science of the shape and structure of organisms and their parts.

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

The biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.

Back 2

Physiology

Front 3

The study of the organs, parts, and structures of a body that are visible to the naked eye.

Back 3

Gross, or Macroscopic, Anatomy

Front 4

the study of microscopic structures of tissues and organs

Back 4

Microscopic anatomy

Front 5

The branch of biology that deals with the formation, structure, and function of cells.

Back 5

Cytology

Front 6

The anatomical study of the microscopic structure of animal and plant tissues.

Back 6

Histology

Front 7

Of, relating to, or in the region of the kidneys.

Back 7

Renal

Front 8

Of, relating to, or involving the heart and the blood vessels

Back 8

Cardiovascular

Front 9

Of or relating to a nerve or the nervous system.

Back 9

Neural

Front 10

The structure of a part of the body allows performance of certain functions.. The concept of "Structure determines function" is true in all of biology, for plants, animals, cells and organelles, even molecules!

Back 10

Complementarity of structure and function

Front 11

Levels of structural hierarchy, from smallest to largest

Back 11

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal

Front 12

The bodily system consisting of the skin and its associated structures, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Back 12

Integumentary System

Front 13

The bodily system that consists of the bones, their associated cartilages, and the joints, and supports and protects the body, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.

Back 13

Skeletal System

Front 14

The bodily system that is composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue and functions in movement of the body or of materials through the body, maintenance of posture, and heat production.

Back 14

Muscular System

Front 15

The system of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor and effector organs

Back 15

Nervous System

Front 16

The bodily system that consists of the endocrine glands and functions to regulate body activities.

Back 16

Endocrine system

Front 17

The bodily system consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood that circulates blood throughout the body, delivers nutrients and other essential materials to cells, and removes waste products

Back 17

Cardiovascular system

Front 18

Another name for the cardiovascular system

Back 18

Circulatory system

Front 19

A network of vessels, tissues, and organs in vertebrate animals that helps the body regulate fluid balance and fight infection.

Back 19

Lymphatic System

Front 20

Another name of the lymphatic system

Back 20

Immune system

Front 21

The integrated system of organs involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment.

Back 21

Respiratory System

Front 22

The alimentary canal together with the salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and other organs of digestion.

Back 22

Digestive system

Front 23

The bodily system consisting of the organs that produce, collect, and eliminate urine and including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Back 23

Urinary system

Front 24

The bodily system of gonads, associated ducts, and external genitals concerned with sexual reproduction.

Back 24

Reproductive System

Front 25

Eight Neccessary Life Functions

Back 25

Boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth

Front 26

The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes.

Back 26

Homeostasis

Front 27

A specialized cell or group of nerve endings that responds to sensory stimuli.

Back 27

Receptor

Front 28

A nerve ending that carries impulses to a muscle, gland, or organ and activates muscle contraction or glandular secretion.

Back 28

Effector

Front 29

Feedback that reduces the output of a system.

Back 29

Negative Feedback

Front 30

Effector enhances original stimulus

Back 30

Positive Feedback

Front 31

What is the anatomical position?

Back 31

Human body erect, arms at sides, palms forward, feet together

Front 32

Regional Terms:

head, neck and trunk

Back 32

Axial

Front 33

Regional Terms:

Appendages or limbs

Back 33

Appendicular part

Front 34

Nose

Back 34

Nasal

Front 35

Mouth

Back 35

Oral

Front 36

Neck

Back 36

Cervical

Front 37

Armpit

Back 37

Axillary

Front 38

Forehead

Back 38

Frontal

Front 39

Eye

Back 39

Orbital

Front 40

Cheek

Back 40

Buccal

Front 41

Breastbone

Back 41

Sternal

Front 42

Chest

Back 42

Thoracic

Front 43

Breast

Back 43

Mammary

Front 44

Abdomen

Back 44

Abdominal

Front 45

Arm

Back 45

Brachial

Front 46

Navel

Back 46

Umbilical

Front 47

Pelvis

Back 47

Pelvic

Front 48

Thigh

Back 48

Femoral

Front 49

Wrist

Back 49

Carpal

Front 50

Fingers

Back 50

Digital

Front 51

Hip

Back 51

Coxal

Front 52

Genital Region

Back 52

Pubic

Front 53

Anterior knee

Back 53

Patellar

Front 54

Foot

Back 54

Pedal

Front 55

Head

Back 55

Cephalic

Front 56

Ear

Back 56

Otic

Front 57

Between hips

Back 57

Sacral

Front 58

Base of the skull

Back 58

Occipital

Front 59

Spinal column

Back 59

Vertebral

Front 60

Shoulder blade

Back 60

Scapular

Front 61

Back

Back 61

Dorsal

Front 62

Buttock

Back 62

Buttocks

Front 63

Heel

Back 63

Calcaneal

Front 64

Sole

Back 64

Plantar

Front 65

Point of Shoulder

Back 65

Acromial

Front 66

Back of the knee

Back 66

Popliteal

Front 67

The serous membrane that surrounds the walls of an organ cavity

Back 67

Parietal Serosa

Front 68

The serous membrane that surrounds the organ itself

Back 68

Visceral serosa

Front 69

Thin watery fluid found in many body cavities, especially those lined with serous membrane

Back 69

Serous fluid

Front 70

Functions of Serous fluid

Back 70

Prevents friction and infection

Front 71

The membranous sac filled with serous fluid that encloses the heart and the roots of the aorta and other large blood vessels.

Back 71

Pericardium

Front 72

A thin serous membrane in mammals that envelops each lung and folds back to make a lining for the chest cavity.

Back 72

Pleura

Front 73

The serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and folds inward to enclose the viscera.

Back 73

Peritoneum

Front 74

Abdominal Regions

Back 74