Chapter 1 Test- Anatomy

Front 1

Define Anatomy and Physiology.

Back 1

Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to each other, and physiology is the study of the function of body parts

Front 2

Explain the principle of complementarity (form and function).

Back 2

The principle of complementarity of structure and function states that function is dependent on structure, and that the form of a structure relates to its function.

Front 3

Name the different levels of structural organization that make up the human body, from cell to whole organism, and explain their relationships.

Back 3

The chemical level is the simplest level of organization (Fig. 1.1).
1. Atoms, tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules.
2. Molecules combine in specific ways to form organelles, which are the basic unit of living cells.
B. The cellular level is the smallest unit of life, and varies widely in size and shape according to the cells’ function.
C. The tissue level is groups of cells having a common function.
D. The organ level is made up of discrete structures that are composed of at least two groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body.
E. The organ system level is a group of organs that work closely together to accomplish a specific purpose (Fig. 1.3).
F. The organismal level is the total of all structures working together to promote life.

Front 4

List the 11 organ systems of the body, identify their components, and briefly explain the major function(s) of each system.

Back 4

skeletal, muscular, urinary, nervous, digestive, endocrine, reproductive, respitory, cardiovascular, integumentary, lymphatic

Front 5

List the functional characteristics necessary to maintain life in humans.

Back 5

1. Maintaining boundaries allows an organism to maintain separate internal and external environments, or separate internal chemical environments.
2. Movement allows the organism to travel through the environment, and allows transport of molecules within the organism.
3. Responsiveness, or irritability, is the ability to detect changes in the internal or external environment and respond to them.
4. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into molecules that are usable by the body.
5. Metabolism includes all chemical reactions that occur in the body.
6. Excretion is the process of removing wastes.
7. Reproduction is the process of producing more cells or organisms.
8. Growth is an increase in size in body parts or the whole organism.