Chapter 1 Terms

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Study of structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

Function of the anatomical parts of the body

Front 3

Gross Anatomy

Back 3

Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

Front 4

Regional Anatomy

Back 4

Study in a particular region of body

Front 5

Systemic Anatomy

Back 5

Body structure is studied system by system

Front 6

Surface Anatomy

Back 6

Study of internal structure as they relate to skin surface

Front 7

Microscopic Anatomy

Back 7

Structures to small for the naked eye

Front 8

Cytology

Back 8

Study of cells

Front 9

Histology

Back 9

Study of tissues

Front 10

Developmental Anatomy

Back 10

Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span

Front 11

Embroyology

Back 11

Concerns changes that occur before birth

Front 12

Compelentarity of function and structure

Back 12

Anatomy and Physiology are inseperable. Function depends upon form.

Front 13

Levels of Structural Organization

Back 13

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organismal

Front 14

Atoms

Back 14

Tiny building blocks of matter

Front 15

Molecules

Back 15

Atoms joined together

Front 16

Cells

Back 16

Molecules joined together

Front 17

Tissues

Back 17

Group of similar cells that have a common function

Front 18

Organs

Back 18

Discrete structure composed up of at least 2 tissue types

Front 19

Organ system

Back 19

Organs that work together to perform a specific function

Front 20

Organism

Back 20

All organ systems together

Front 21

Movement

Back 21

Changes in body position or the motion of interal parts

Front 22

Responsiveness

Back 22

Sensing and reacting to internal or external changes

Front 23

Growth

Back 23

Increase in size without a change in shape

Front 24

Reproduction

Back 24

The production of offspring

Front 25

Respiration

Back 25

Obtaining oxygen, using oxygen to release energy from foods, and removing gaseous wastes

Front 26

Digestion

Back 26

Changing food substances into forms that can be absorbed

Front 27

Absorption

Back 27

Moving substances through membranes and into body fluids

Front 28

Circulation

Back 28

The movement of substances in body fluids

Front 29

Assimilation

Back 29

The changing of substances into chemically different forms

Front 30

Excretion

Back 30

The removal of body wastes

Front 31

Metabolism

Back 31

All the biochemical processes in an organism

Front 32

Catabolism

Back 32

Breaks down into smaller componenets

Front 33

Anabolic

Back 33

Builds up into larger components

Front 34

What are the necessary life functions?

Back 34

Movement
Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Maintain Boundries
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion

Front 35

5 Essential Components to maintain life.

Back 35

Water
Food
Oxygen
Heat
Pressure

Front 36

Homeostasis

Back 36

The tendency to maintain a stable internal environment

Front 37

Afferent

Back 37

Going toward brain

Front 38

Efferent

Back 38

Going from brain

Front 39

Recptor

Back 39

Sensor that monitors the envoiroment and responds to changes

Front 40

Control Center

Back 40

Determines the set point , recieves input from receptors and determines actions to be taken

Front 41

Effector

Back 41

Provides the means for the response of Control Center to stimuli

Front 42

Negative feedback

Back 42

Changes from the normal state that stimulate responses in the opposite direction

Front 43

Positive feedback

Back 43

Changes from the normal state that stimulate responses in the same direction

Front 44

Homeostatic Imbalance

Back 44

A disturbance or change in the homeostasis balance.

Front 45

Superior

Back 45

Above another part

Front 46

Inferior

Back 46

Below another part

Front 47

Anterior

Back 47

Toward the front

Front 48

Posterior

Back 48

Toward the back

Front 49

Medial

Back 49

Close to the center line of the body that divides it into right and left

Front 50

Lateral

Back 50

Toward the left or right

Front 51

Proximal

Back 51

Closer to the trunk or point of attachment

Front 52

Distal

Back 52

Further from the trunk or point of attachment

Front 53

Superficial

Back 53

Near the surface

Front 54

Deep

Back 54

More internal

Front 55

Dorsal

Back 55

The back (same as Posterior in animals who stand on 2 legs); top side of animals on all fours

Front 56

Ventral

Back 56

Belly side

Front 57

Sagittal Plane

Back 57

Lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left

Front 58

Transverse Plane

Back 58

Horizontal cut that divides the body into superior and interior

Front 59

Frontal Plane

Back 59

Vertical cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Front 60

Midsaggital Plane

Back 60

A sagittal section that passes directly through the midline

Front 61

Parasaggital Plane

Back 61

All other sagittal section that do not pass directly through the midline.

Front 62

Axial portion

Back 62

Both dorsal and ventral cavities (trunk of body)

Front 63

Dorsal Body cavity

Back 63

Protects the nervous system organs

Front 64

Ventral Body cavity

Back 64

Houses internal organs

Front 65

Thoracic cavity

Back 65

Is surrounded by the ribs and muscles of chest.

Front 66

Plueral cavities

Back 66

Envelop the lungs

Front 67

Abdominopelvic cavity

Back 67

The inferior ventral cavity that contains the abdomen and pelvic caties.

Front 68

Viscera

Back 68

Organ within a body cavity

Front 69

Pleural membranes

Back 69

Line the thoracic cavity and cover the lungs

Front 70

Mediastinum

Back 70

Spearates the thoracic cavity and contains the periacardial cavity

Front 71

Pericardial membranes

Back 71

Surrounding the heart and coverthe remaining thoracic organs

Front 72

Serosa

Back 72

A thin double layered membrane lining the walls of the ventral cavity.

Front 73

Parietal Serosa

Back 73

The part of the mebrane lining the cavity walls

Front 74

Visceral Serosa

Back 74

The inner lining covering the organs in the cavity

Front 75

Serous fluid

Back 75

A thin layer of fluid that lies between the serous membranes

Front 76

Parietal Pericardium

Back 76

Lines the paricardial cavity

Front 77

Visceral paricarium

Back 77

Covers the heart

Front 78

Parietal Pleura

Back 78

Lines the walls of the Thoracic cavity

Front 79

Parietal Peritoneum

Back 79

Is associated with the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

Front 80

Visceral Peritoneum

Back 80

Covers most of the organs in the abdominpelvic cavity

Front 81

Acromial

Back 81

Point of shoulder

Front 82

Actecubital

Back 82

Anterior surface of elbow

Front 83

Axillary

Back 83

Armpit

Front 84

Brachial

Back 84

Arm

Front 85

Buccal

Back 85

Cheek area

Front 86

Carpal

Back 86

Wrist

Front 87

Cervical

Back 87

Neck region

Front 88

Coxal

Back 88

Hip

Front 89

Crural

Back 89

Leg

Front 90

Digital

Back 90

Fingers, toes

Front 91

Femoral

Back 91

Thigh

Front 92

Fibular

Back 92

Lateral part of leg

Front 93

Inguinal

Back 93

Groin

Front 94

Nasal

Back 94

Nose area

Front 95

Oral

Back 95

Mouth

Front 96

Orbital

Back 96

Eye area

Front 97

Patellar

Back 97

Anterior knee

Front 98

Pelvic

Back 98

Area overlying the pelvis anteriorly

Front 99

Pubic

Back 99

Genital region

Front 100

Sternal

Back 100

Breastbone area

Front 101

Tarsal

Back 101

Ankle region

Front 102

Thoracic

Back 102

Chest

Front 103

Umbilical

Back 103

Navel

Front 104

Cephalic

Back 104

Head

Front 105

Deltoid

Back 105

Curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

Front 106

Gluteal

Back 106

Buttock

Front 107

Lumbar

Back 107

Area of back between ribs and hips

Front 108

Occipital

Back 108

Posterior surface of head

Front 109

Popliteal

Back 109

Posterior knee area

Front 110

Sacral

Back 110

Area between hips

Front 111

Scapular

Back 111

Shoulder blade region

Front 112

Sural

Back 112

The posterior surface of lower leg; the calf

Front 113

Vertebral

Back 113

Area of spine