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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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geography
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earth description
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five themes of geography
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location, place, human/environment interaction, movement, and region
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location
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where something is located
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absolute location
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exact position of a place on earth. located by measurements on a map or globe.
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place
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every location has different physical and cultural characteristics.
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human/environment interaction
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the way that humans affect the environment that surrounds them.
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movement
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movement of peoples affects history greatly.
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region
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large areas defined by common characteristics
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cartographer
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a mapmaker
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globes
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the only accurate way to represent the earth. earth is a sphere
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grid lines
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lines drawn on a map or globe for measurement purposes.
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degrees
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measurement used when working with latitude and longitude.
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latitude
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lines drawn in east and west direction and measure north and south on the equator.
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longitude
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lines drawn in a north and south direction and measure distance east and west of the prime meridian.
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equator
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0 degrees latitude. imaginary line that circles the globe horizontally halfway between the north and south poles.
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prime meridian
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0 degrees longitude. imaginary line that runs vertically from the north pole to the south pole
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international date line
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longitudinal line lying opposite the prime meridian.
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hemispheres
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equator and rime meridian divide the earth into 4 hemispheres. northern, southern, eastern, and western.
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contienents
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large landmasses containing most of the earths land surface. 7 contienents on earth.
north america, south america, africa, europe, asia, australia, antarctica |
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map projection
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showing the round earth on a flat map. cannot be done without some distortions and misrepresenting
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mercator projection
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common flat rectangular map. contienents are somewhat enlarged, but shape is true and direction is true. size and distance are not correct
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interrupted projection
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cut up sphere. shows size og landmasses more accurately. but it is difficult to calculate distances.
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robinson projection
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most used today. world depicted in a flat topped oval. distortion occurs at the northern and southern edges, bu the projection gives a fairly accurate view of most sizes, shapes, directions, and distances.
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physical map
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shows natural features, such as rivers and mountains
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political map
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shows places that people have created, such as cities or the boundaries of states and nations.
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special purpose maps
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show information on specific topics
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landforms
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4 makor landforms. mountains, hills, plains, and plateaus
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topography
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physical features of the earth's surface
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elevation
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height of land above sea level
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mountains
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highest and most rugged landforms. usually occur in ranges, or groups
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plains
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broad flat areas of land usually close to sea level
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plateaus
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high, flat landforms, sometimes several thousand feet high
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oceans
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largest bodies of water. 4 major oceans atlantic, pacific, indian, and arctic.
70% of the earth is covered by water |
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seas
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usually smaller than oceans, are often landlocked, or surrounded by land on all sides.
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lakes and rivers
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provide freshwater, transportation, energy, and boundaries.
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mississippi river and tributaries
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largest river system in the us
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tributaries
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smaller rivers and streams
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hawaiian islands
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cluster of 8 large islands and many smaller ones located 2,400 miles west of CA.
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pacific coast
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series of mountain ranges run from alaska to mexico. they include the coast mountains, cascade range, and sierra nevadas
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intermountain region
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land consists of a huge plateau. the great basin, dry deserts, and deep canyons existt here.
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rocky mountains
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run from alaska to mexico
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interior plains
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east of the rockies. huge open and rolling expanse of land.
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canadian shield
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covers a large part of canada. rich with buried minerals
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appalachian moutains
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older than the rockies, lower peaks due to age and weathering
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coastal plains
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plain begins in massachussetts and gradually expands into the southwest.
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climate
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usual weather pattern of an area ofver a long period of time
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weather
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a condition of the earth's atmosphere over a short period of time
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tropical climate
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florida and hawaii. hot, humid weather most of the year.
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mediterranean
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california. mild wet winters and dry hot summers.
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marine
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often moist and rainy climate found near a coast. pacific northwest
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highland
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found in mountains. climates are cooler
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steppe
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east of the rockies. dry grassland area with little rainfall. temperatures are extreme.
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desert
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less than 10 inches of rain per year. mainly found in the southwest
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tundra and subarctic
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northwest alaska and upper canada. short summers that sometimes rise above freezing, long cold winters
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humid contienental and humid subtropical
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cover nearly half of the us.
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humid contienental
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mild summers and cold winters
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humid subtropical
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southeastern us and lower latitudes. warm and humid subtropical climates
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prehistoric
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the time before history was recorded.
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archeology
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the study of the unwritten past
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artifacts
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things that have been found from thousands of years ago
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paleo indians
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the people who came from syria
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beringia
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the bridge connected land during the last ice age and were in search of food. the mammoths were following and so the huntergatherers followed them
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migration
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mass movement, the movement from one region to another. 8000 b.c.
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society
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a group that shares a common culture. religion, foods, language, ethnicity, government, architecture
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civilization
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technology, cities for trade centers, specialization, organization of famrs, government and religion, systems of records. thats what you need for a civilizatition.
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domestication
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Breeding plants and animals to suit your needs
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olmei
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mother vulture
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glups
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symbols and pictures they used to write
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Maya
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souther Mexico, developed calendars. Built palaces, bridges, temples. they just went up and disappeared
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Aztec
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Mexico Pyramids and created empires. They had sacrifices. They died from diseases. They were conquered by the Europeans.
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Inca
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Rich, strong and powerful. developed a transportation system. Equador to Chile. Very sophisticated irrigation system. Moho Kams - around southwest Arizona
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Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Housa, Benin
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Controlled trade and were able to build powerful armies.
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Ghana
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controlled gold and salt trade. taxed all that came in. first power and
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Islam
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Came to Ghana and invaded
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Mali
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Took over in 13th century. Became one of the largest in the world. Excellent university in Timbuktu. Build mosques. Mansa Musa world known, then weakens.
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paleo indians
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the people who came from syria
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beringia
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the bridge connected land during the last ice age and were in search of food. the mammoths were following and so the huntergatherers followed them
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migration
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mass movement, the movement from one region to another. 8000 b.c.
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society
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a group that shares a common culture. religion, foods, language, ethnicity, government, architecture
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civilization
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technology, cities for trade centers, specialization, organization of famrs, government and religion, systems of records. thats what you need for a civilizatition.
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domestication
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Breeding plants and animals to suit your needs
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olmei
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mother vulture
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glups
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symbols and pictures they used to write
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Maya
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souther Mexico, developed calendars. Built palaces, bridges, temples. they just went up and disappeared
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Aztec
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Mexico Pyramids and created empires. They had sacrifices. They died from diseases. They were conquered by the Europeans.
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Inca
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Rich, strong and powerful. developed a transportation system. Equador to Chile. Very sophisticated irrigation system. Moho Kams - around southwest Arizona
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Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Housa, Benin
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Controlled trade and were able to build powerful armies.
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Ghana
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controlled gold and salt trade. taxed all that came in. first power and
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Islam
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Came to Ghana and invaded
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Mali
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Took over in 13th century. Became one of the largest in the world. Excellent university in Timbuktu. Build mosques. Mansa Musa world known, then weakens.
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Songhai
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15th Century. Very efficient tax system. Muslim also
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Housa
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Known for Artistry. Carving, prize wood, ivory and metal
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Benin
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They had the Ivory Coast, Slave Coast
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Europe in the middle ages 400-1300
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Time of great social and political instability. Lots of war, people scared. developed feudalism
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vassals
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lesser people
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lord
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land owner
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tenants
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rent from the lord
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knights
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military of the lord
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peasants
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tenants and serts were not free, but tennants could leave
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manor
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the place the knight protected
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monastery
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where monks studied Christianity and were Roman Catholics
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Gutenberg 1454
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made the printing press
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Bubonic plague
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a deadly disease that killed thousands
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drought
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a low period of rainfall
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diverse
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different
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environment
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the world around you
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humanism
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study of human worth and achievements
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instability
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lack of stability
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irrigate
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water crops
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log
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a record
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nomad
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a person who has no permanent home but moves constantly
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philosophy
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study the meaning of life
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savanna
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grassland with shrubs and trees
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serf
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a peasant who farmed and did other duties for the lord and who could not leave the estate
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theory
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a scientific belief
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Crusades
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were organized by the Europeans to win control of the Holy Land from the Muslims. 1096
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Reformation
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Began because of Martin Luther's 95 statements criticiaing the Catholic church
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Mansa Musa,
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a Muslim who followed the religion of Islam
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Deganawida
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Convinces 5 Native American nations to form the Iroquios League which brought a period of peace.
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Mound builders
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native americans who built large earthen structures
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martin luther
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began reform movement and was a german monk. protested the catholic church, broke away and became a protestant. lutheran church
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christopher columbus
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italian sailor who sailed across the atlantic ocean.
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mammoth
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animal resembling hairy elephant with long curved tusks
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pyramid
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a very large structure with a square base and four sides slanting upward
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irrigation system
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ditches that bring water to crops
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canyon
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long narrow valley between high clliffs
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mound
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hill of earth, often built over a grave or to protect a population from attack.
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