Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Social Psychology |
Scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behaviour and thought in social situations |
|
|
Science (2) |
1) set of values 2) Several methods that can be used to study a wide range of topics |
|
|
4 most important core values of science |
1) Accuracy 2) Objectivity 3)Skepticism 4) Open-mindedness |
|
|
Accuracy |
gather info in careful, precise, error-free manner |
|
|
Objectivity |
gather info as free from bias as possible |
|
|
Skepticism |
Accept finding as accurate only to the extent they have been verified again |
|
|
Open-mindedness |
Commitment to changing one's views if evidence suggests these are inaccurate |
|
|
Planning fallacy |
strong tendency to believe things will take less time than they actually do |
|
|
Causes (5) of social behaviour and thought |
-social interactions -cognitive processes -Environmental variables -Cultural context -Biological factors |
|
|
Evolutionary psychology |
Seeks to investigate the potential role of genetic factors in various aspects of human behaviour |
|
|
3 basic components of evolution |
variation inheritance selection |
|
|
Variation |
Organisms belonging to the same species may vary in many different ways |
|
|
Inheritance |
Some variations can be passed from one generation to the next |
|
|
Selection |
Some variations give an "edge" |
|
|
Prejudice has 2 underlying dimensions |
1. warmth 2. competence |
|
|
Warmth |
the extent to which we see others as friend or foe |
|
|
Competence |
Can others do what they set out to do? |
|
|
Social neuroscience |
Area of research in social psychology that seeks knowledge about the neural and biological bases of social processes |
|
|
Multicultural perspective |
focus on understanding the cultural and ethnic factors that influence social behaviour |
|
|
William ____________ (1908) believed behaviour stems from _______________ |
McDougall instincts |
|
|
Floyd Allport |
Social behaviour stems from many factors, including the presence of other people and their specific actions |
|
|
Cognitive dissonance |
Humans dislike inconsistency and strive to reduce it |
|
|
Topics studied in the 1960s |
- Interpersonal attraction & Romantic love - Impressions formation - attribution - social perception - social influence |
|
|
Types of 'social influence' studied in the '60s |
- Obedience, conformity, compliance - causes & prevention of human aggression -effects of the physical environment |
|
|
Psychology topics of the 1970/80/90s (3) |
-attribution -gender differences/sex discrimination -environmental psychology |
|
|
Systemic observation |
Method of research in which behaviour is systematically observed and recorded |
|
|
naturalistic observation |
observation of behaviour in natural setting |
|
|
Survey method |
Ask large numbers of people to respond to questions about their attitudes or behaviour |
|
|
Requirements for surveys (2) |
- representative population -way items are worded |
|
|
Correlation |
Tendency for one event to change as the other changes |
|
|
Variables |
Changeable aspects of the natural world |
|
|
Correlational method |
Systematically observes two or more variables to determine whether changes in one are accompanied by changes in the other |
|
|
Hypothesis |
unverified prediction |
|
|
Correlational method is ________ (more/less) useful from the point of view of attaining another important goal: ___________________ |
less explanation |
|
|
Experimental method key steps (2) |
1. presence of some variable believed to affect an aspect of social behaviour or thought is systematically changed 2. the effects of change are carefully measured |
|
|
Independent variable |
Variable that is systematically changed |
|
|
Dependent variable |
The variable that is measured in the experiment |
|
|
Random assignment |
equal chance of being of being exposed to each level of the independent variable |
|
|
Two key requirements of experiments |
1. random assignment 2. All other factors besides cofounding variable held constant |
|
|
Confounded |
Extraneous variable that correlates with both the dependent and independent variable |
|
|
External Validity |
Extent to which findings can be generalized to real-life |
|
|
Mediating variable |
affected by an independent variable and then influences the dependent variable |
|
|
Theory |
Framework for explaining various events or processes |
|
|
Procedure of building a theory (5) |
1. Theory that reflects evidence is proposed 2. This theory helps to organize existing info and make predictions 3. These predictions (hypotheses) are tested by research 4. If results are consistent with theory, confidence is increased. If not, theory is modified and tested further 5. Theory is accepted or rejected |
|
|
Minority slowness effect |
When people believe they hold a view in the minority, they will be slower to state it |
|
|
Theories are/are not ever proven in a final sense |
are not |
|
|
Deception |
withheld info about the purpose of study |
|
|
Ethical issues of deception (2) |
- may cause harm -acquire negative attitudes toward social psych |
|
|
Two safeguards during deception |
- informed consent - debriefing |
|
|
Informed consent |
Give participants as much info as possible before they decide to participate |
|
|
Debriefing |
give full description of the purposes of the study after participating |
|
|
Guiding principles when using deception (3) |
1. only use when absolutely necessary 2. proceed w/ caution 3. Make certain ever precaution is taken to protect the rights, safety, and well-being of participant |
