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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter
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anything that takes up space
- solid, liquid, gas, plasma |
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elements
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simpliest form of matter
- everything on earth made of elements |
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atom
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building block of all matter
- possible to have a single atom as an element |
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molecule
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nuetral particle formed when atoms share electrons
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atom structure: 3
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proton
electron nuetron |
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proton
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positively charged
nucleus |
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electron
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negatively charged
rings/ shells that circle nucleus |
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nuetron
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no charge
nucleus |
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compound
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pure substance that contains two or more elements chemically bonded
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mixture
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two or more substances physically combined
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mineral
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substance that must posess 5 characteristics
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5 characteristics of a mineral
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naturally occuring
crystalline structure inorganic definite chemical composition solid |
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crystal
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solid in which atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patterns
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crystal structure: 7
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hexagonal
monoclinic cubic orthorhombic triclinic tetragonal * sometimes trigonal |
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magma
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molten rock beneath the earth's surface
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ions
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charged atoms, opposites attract
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sugar
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not a mineral
- organic |
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silicates
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group of minerals that form most rocks
- oxygen & silicon =quartz |
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ways to identify a mineral: 8
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color
hardness luster specific gravity streak cleavage/ fracture crystal shape special properties |
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color
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the outside hue of the mineral
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luster
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the way a mineral reflects light
- metallic and nonmetallic |
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streak
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the powdery residue left behind when a mineral is rubbed across an unglazed tile
- will not leav a streak if hardness is higher tahn 6.5 |
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hardness
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the measured resilience of a mineral against other objects
- Mohs scale - softest 1, hardest 10 |
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specific gravity
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the ration of its weight compared with the weight of an equal volume of water
- similar to density |
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crystalline shape
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hexogonal
tetragonal orthorhombic monoclinic triclinic cubic trigonal |
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cleavage
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when a mineral breaks along smooth. flat surfaces
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fracture
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when a mineral breaks along rough or jagged surfaces
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special properties
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distinctive characterstics of a mineral such as magnetism, radiactivity, smell, and the ability to glow
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gemstone
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a durable and beautiful mineral that cna be cut and polished
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gem
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a cut and polished gemstone
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pearls
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not minerals
- organic, from oysters |
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amber
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not minerals
- organic, made form fossilized tree sap |
