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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cognitive science
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study of relationships among cognitive psych, biology, etc.
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structuralism
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describes elemental components of consciousness , sensations, images, and feelings
based on method of introspection |
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functionalism
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addresses what the mind is for instead of its components
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cognitive psychology
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study of human mental processes and their role in thinking, feeling, and behaving
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mental representation
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unobservable internal code for information; provide the basis for all cognitive abilities
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stages of processing
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steps required to form, modify, and use mental representations
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serial processing
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cognitive operations occur one at a time
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parallel processing
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cognitive operations occur simultaneously
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cognitive architecture
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organization of the information-processing components and systems
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architectural distinction
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distinction between working memory system and LTM system
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module
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automatic and fast set of processes
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symbolic model
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class of cognitive architecture that assumes mental representations are symbols that are serially processed by a set of rules
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connectionist model
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class of cognitive architecture that assumes mental representations are distributed and massively connected and simultaneously processed
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sensory memory
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very brief storage of visual or auditory information
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self-knowledge
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capacity to represent the self mentally
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informational access
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capacity to be able to report on mental representations and their processes
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sentience
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basic capacity for raw sensations, feelings, or subjective experiences
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reaction time |
number of milliseconds needed to perform a task |
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proportion of errors |
measure of errors made in a cognitive task |
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verbal protocols |
tape-recordings of people thinking aloud while carrying out a task provides record of conscious processing |
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EEG (Electroencephalogram) |
multichannel recording of continuous electrical brain activity detects voltage changes generated by large numbers of neurons |
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ERP (event-related potential) |
EEG signal reflects brain response to onset of specific stimulus |
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neuroimaging |
measures the location of neural activation |
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PET (positron emission tomography) |
uses radioactively labeled water to detect areas of high metabolic brain activity detects increases in blood flow |
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fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) |
uses magnetic field to reveal detailed images of neuronal tissue and metabolic changes detects changes in oxygen concentration in the blood |
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method of subtraction |
used to isolate properties of a single stage of cognitive processing assumes SOP used in a simple task aren't modified when a choice is added |
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double dissociation |
independent variable affects task A but not B a different variable affects task B but not A |
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default network |
multiple brain regions are active when people are left free to think for themselves without external demands |
