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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Geography |
Is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of earth. |
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Spatial Science |
Scientific study of phenomenas that occur in space subfields |
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Physical Geography |
- Subfield of Geography - the study of physical processes and their patterns in the natural environment |
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Human Geography |
- Subfield of Geography - study of spatial organization of human activity - study of people's relationship with their environments ---- physical and cultural environments. ---- reciprocal relationships |
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Geographic Information System/Science |
- Subfield of Geography - is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data |
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Purpose of Geography |
To look at how and why physical and cultural items differ from place to place on the earths surface |
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Purpose of Geography |
To study areal variation |
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Place |
- location, where things happen |
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Place |
- Specific geographic setting with distinctive physical, social and cultural attributes |
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Influence of Place: Well-being, health |
- environmental justice - access --- food deserts
Characteristic of place |
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Influence of Place: Oppurtunities |
- schools - job opportunities - transportation - cultural events
Characteristics of Place |
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Influence of Place: Lifestyle Choices |
- Diversity (ethnicity, income, etc.)
Characteristics of Place |
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food deserts |
where people don't have access to certain foods |
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Influence of Place: Commonsense Knowledge and Experience |
- Neighborhood Effect --- Voting Patterns |
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Neighborhood Effect |
Local Knowledge - Voting Patterns etc. |
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Dynamic |
Place is ________ because can change in terms of boundaries, conditions,natural events, human activities |
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Boundary |
some "thing" that separates one area from another |
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Types of boundaries |
- Legal Border - Physical Border - An Understanding - Natural Border (river) - Walls Built |
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Place Meaning |
are not inherent to a place - assigned by the one experiencing the place |
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Place Meaning |
One place can have multiple meanings - Ex. Malls |
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Place Meaning |
can exist on multiple scales - Individual/small, collective |
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Exception to Places Meaning |
Place created with specific intent to commemorate specific events - ex. Ground Zero |
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Sense of Place |
feelings evoked among people as a result of the experience and memories that they associate with a place and the symbolism that they attach is it |
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Identity |
sense that you make of yourself through your everyday experiences and social relations |
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Point |
place plays a significant role in everyday individual and socialexperiences |
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Types of Place Knowledge |
Insider and Outsider |
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Insider Knowledge |
- Direct experience - Can lead to intersubjectivity about a place |
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Intersubjectivity |
Shared meanings that are derived from everyday practice - Same thing, same place -> same sense of place |
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Outsider Knowledge |
Not a direct experience of place - Ways to get to know a place? Role of Symbolism - Universally recognized - Obscure or small scale meanings |
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Symbolism |
- Universally recognized - Obscure or small scale meanings Ex. We know the White House and its significance |
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Spatial Analysis |
general methodology - Techniques applied to analyze spatial data - Look at phenomena in terms of their arrangements on a map |
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Analytic Concept: Absolute Location |
identify by precise system of coordinates, address |
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Analytic Concept: Relative Location |
position in relation to other places or activities |
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Analytic Concept: Absolute Distance |
measure in commonly accepted standard units |
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Analytic Concept: Relative Distance |
measure in - Time Traveled - Cost of travel - Cognitive Distance - eye of beholder |
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Friction of Distance |
states that distances is a cast (a deterring or inhibiting factor) that must be overcome - how we think about distance |
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Utility of Place |
Decision to overcome the cost of distance is determined by: _________ - how useful is that place to you relative to how far away it is |
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Utility of Place |
how useful is that place to you relative to how far away it is |
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Distance Decay Function |
Function that summarizes this relationship of the utility of place |
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Analytic Concept: Absolute Direction |
based on the cardinal points NSEW |
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Analytic Concept: Relative Direction |
culturally based, locationally dependent |
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Analytic Concept: Accessibility |
opportunity for contact or interaction from a given point or location in relation to other location |
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Analytic Concept: Absolute Accessibility |
quantify the ways to access a place, # of connections - bridges in Pittsburgh |
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Analytic Concept: Relative Accessibility |
Perception of the contact or connections |
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Analytic Concept: Spatial Interactions |
movement and flows of human activity |
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Spatial Interactions: Complementary |
Demand one place, supply in another |
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Spatial Interactions: Intervening |
things that come between two places that offer attractive alternatives |
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Spatial Interactions: Diffusion |
Spread od phenomena from one place to another Ex: - Contagious - Hierarchical |
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Contagious Diffusion |
Spread continuous from small scale to large scale |
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Hierarchical Diffusion |
spreads from large area to smaller area |
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Geographical Methods |
Traditional and Contemporary |
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Traditional Geographical Methods |
- Fieldwork: observation, survey, interview - Archival Review/Secondary Data: historical data and maps, new sources |
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Contemporary Geographical Methods |
- Could not have without current technology |
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Contemporary Geographical Methods |
- Remote Sensing - Satellite Imagery |
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Contemporary Geographical Methods |
- Creates a processed image from remote sensing (natural color, enchanting color) - Useful for large scale and changes over time |
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Contemporary Geographical Methods |
GIS - Geographic Information System - Compute Software ~Store, access and manipulate spatial data ~Create Maps |
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Contemporary Geographical Methods |
GIS - Data ~ any type, any topic ~ must have locational reference ~ latitude/ longitude, address, highway marker |
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Main Benefit of GIS |
Allows data from different sources, tropics, scales to be displayed and analyzed together |
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Remote Sensing |
the collection of information about the earth's surface by means of aerial photography or satellite imagery - contemporary geographic methods |
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Satellite Imagery |
measures energy emitted from earths surface, visible, infrared, microwave - contemporary geographic methods |
