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33 Cards in this Set

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Atom

The smallest unit an element can be divided into

The basic unit of chemistry.


Molecule

The smallest unit of a covalent compound

H2O


Everything in your body is made of molecules.

Element

A atom with a specific number of protons


ex. hydrogen has 1 proton


all atoms with 1 protons are hydrogen

Fe, He, O, C, Au


Elements are listed on the periodic table.

Proton

A subatomic particle with a positive charge in the nucleus of an atom

Hydrogen has one of these

Electron

A subatomic particle with a negative charge that is in a cloud around the nucleus of an atom

The lightest subatomic particle

Neutron

A subatomic particle with no charge in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutrons are responsible for isotopes

Ion

An atom that has gained of lost an electron giving it a charge

Na+1

Isotope

Atoms that have a number of neutrons that is not normal for that element

U-235


Many isotopes are used for many common applications.

Ionic Bond

A bond formed between ions

NaCl

Covalent Bond

A bond formed between atoms in which pairs of electrons are shared.


Most non metals combine using covalent bonds.


H2O

Polar Covalent Bond

A bond in which electrons are not equally shared

Water and oil


This type of bond makes water stick to itself.

Law of Conservation of Matter

States that matter can not be created or destroyed

The law of conservation of matter applies to all reactions.

Activation Energy

The input energy required for a reaction to occur

Most reactions require activation energy.


Lighting a fire

Hydrogen Bond

A weak bond between hydrogen atoms and negative polar atoms


Water molecules

pH Scale

A logarithmic scale that measures acidity and alkalinity.

Mastering the pH scale is a basic skill.


Litmus paper

Acid

A solution with more H+ ions than OH- ions

If the batteries leak they will release acid


H2SO4

Base

A solution with more OH- ions than H+ ions

The drain cleaner is a strong base.


Sodium hydroxide

Organic Compounds

A compound that contains carbon. These compound were once thought to only be made by living things

Life is made of organic compounds.


methane

Macromolecules

Extremely large molecules

Macromolecules make up most of living things.


carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

They are carbon based macromolecules that are made of saccharides.


Carbohydrates have a 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio

Carbohydrates are the source of most of your bodies energy.


glucose and sucrose

Lipids

Macromolecules that store energy and form cell membranes

Fats and oils


many people who are dieting reduce their intake of lipids.

Proteins

Macromolecules that provide structure and act as enzymes

Gluten is a protein that give bread it's elasticity.

Nucleic Acids

The macromolecule that holds the information for making proteins

These macro molecules are unique to every person.


Nucleic acids

Monosaccharides

The simplest form carbohydrate that combine to from all carbohydrates.


Glucose

Fatty Acids & Glycerol

The basic units of lipids

Oleic acid

Amino acids

The molecules that bond to form proteins

Amino acids are an important part of your diet.


lysine

Nucleotides

The building blocks of Nucleic acids

Nucleotide are to you body what binary is to a computer.


Thymine

Disaccharide

Two monosaccharides bonded together to make a common sugar


ex. Sucrose, lactose and Maltose

That ice cream is high in disaccharides.


sucrose is a common disaccharide.

Polysaccharide

A chain of saccharides that make complex carbohydrates

A potato is high in polysaccharides.


starch is a common polysaccharide.

Polypeptide

A chain of amino acids

Proteins are made of polypeptides.

Peptide bond

The bonds between amino acids

Without peptide bonds our bodies would not have structure or function.

DNA

DNA

The macromolecule that stores genetic information

The forensics lab solved the crime using DNA evidence.


Gene

A piece of DNA that has the information to assemble one protein.

Molly's gene grave her blue eyes.