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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency produces
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peripheral neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, nutritional amblyopia (visual loss), and cognitive dysfunction that ranges from a mild confusional state to dementia or psychosis (megaloblastic madness
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Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency produces
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peripheral neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, nutritional amblyopia (visual loss), and cognitive dysfunction that ranges from a mild confusional state to dementia or psychosis (megaloblastic madness
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Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency produces
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peripheral neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, nutritional amblyopia (visual loss), and cognitive dysfunction that ranges from a mild confusional state to dementia or psychosis (megaloblastic madness
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VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY
physical findings |
Physical examination may show low-grade fever, glossitis, lemon-yellow discoloration of the skin, and cutaneous hyperpigmentation. Cerebral involvement produces confusion, depression, agitation, or psychosis with hallucinations. Spinal cord involvement is manifested by impaired vibratory and joint position sense, sensory gait ataxia, and spastic paraparesis with extensor plantar responses. Associated peripheral nerve involvement may cause loss of tendon reflexes in the legs and urinary retention.
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VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY
physical findings |
Physical examination may show low-grade fever, glossitis, lemon-yellow discoloration of the skin, and cutaneous hyperpigmentation. Cerebral involvement produces confusion, depression, agitation, or psychosis with hallucinations. Spinal cord involvement is manifested by impaired vibratory and joint position sense, sensory gait ataxia, and spastic paraparesis with extensor plantar responses. Associated peripheral nerve involvement may cause loss of tendon reflexes in the legs and urinary retention.
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VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY
physical findings |
Physical examination may show low-grade fever, glossitis, lemon-yellow discoloration of the skin, and cutaneous hyperpigmentation. Cerebral involvement produces confusion, depression, agitation, or psychosis with hallucinations. Spinal cord involvement is manifested by impaired vibratory and joint position sense, sensory gait ataxia, and spastic paraparesis with extensor plantar responses. Associated peripheral nerve involvement may cause loss of tendon reflexes in the legs and urinary retention.
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pernicious anemia, the urinary excretion of orally administered vitamin B12 is
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abnormally low, and this abnormality can be corrected by coadministration of intrinsic factor
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pernicious anemia, the urinary excretion of orally administered vitamin B12 is
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abnormally low, and this abnormality can be corrected by coadministration of intrinsic factor
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b12 def - T1-weighted MRI may show
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T1-weighted MRI may show gadolinium enhancement of the posterior cord in B12 myelopathy (Loading
Figure 6-9) and deep T2-signal abnormalities in B12 encephalopathy, which resolve with treatment. |
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b12 def - T1-weighted MRI may show
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T1-weighted MRI may show gadolinium enhancement of the posterior cord in B12 myelopathy (Loading
Figure 6-9) and deep T2-signal abnormalities in B12 encephalopathy, which resolve with treatment. |
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Renal failure, particularly when acute in onset or rapidly progressive, may produce encephalopathy or coma with
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hyperventilation and prominent motor manifestations. These include tremor, asterixis, myoclonus, and tetany.The EEG is diffusely slow and may show triphasic waves or paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves.
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Renal failure, particularly when acute in onset or rapidly progressive, may produce encephalopathy or coma with
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hyperventilation and prominent motor manifestations. These include tremor, asterixis, myoclonus, and tetany.The EEG is diffusely slow and may show triphasic waves or paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves.
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Renal failure, particularly when acute in onset or rapidly progressive, may produce encephalopathy or coma with
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hyperventilation and prominent motor manifestations. These include tremor, asterixis, myoclonus, and tetany.The EEG is diffusely slow and may show triphasic waves or paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves.
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Renal failure EEG
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The EEG is diffusely slow and may show triphasic waves or paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves.
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Renal failure EEG
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The EEG is diffusely slow and may show triphasic waves or paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves.
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Renal failure EEG
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The EEG is diffusely slow and may show triphasic waves or paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves.
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Renal failure EEG
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The EEG is diffusely slow and may show triphasic waves or paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves.
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Dialysis itself can produce an encephalopathy, termed
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dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, that is thought to result from hypoosmolality
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Dialysis itself can produce an encephalopathy, termed
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dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, that is thought to result from hypoosmolality
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Dialysis itself can produce an encephalopathy, termed
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dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, that is thought to result from hypoosmolality
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BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
Signs of meningeal irritation are seen |
80% of cases, but are often absent in the very young and very old, or with profoundly impaired consciousness.
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Brudzinski sign
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thigh flexion upon flexion of the neck
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Brudzinski sign
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thigh flexion upon flexion of the neck
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thigh flexion upon flexion of the neck
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Brudzinski sign
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thigh flexion upon flexion of the neck
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Brudzinski sign
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resistance to passive extension of the knee with the hip flexed
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(Kernig sign).
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resistance to passive extension of the knee with the hip flexed
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(Kernig sign).
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(Kernig sign).
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resistance to passive extension of the knee with the hip flexed
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(Kernig sign).
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resistance to passive extension of the knee with the hip flexed
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In Bacterial Meningitis a A brain CT or MRI scan may show
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A brain CT or MRI scan may show contrast enhancement of the cerebral convexities, the base of the brain, or the ventricular ependyma.
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In Bacterial Meningitis a A brain CT or MRI scan may show
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A brain CT or MRI scan may show contrast enhancement of the cerebral convexities, the base of the brain, or the ventricular ependyma.
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In Bacterial Meningitis a A brain CT or MRI scan may show
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A brain CT or MRI scan may show contrast enhancement of the cerebral convexities, the base of the brain, or the ventricular ependyma.
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In Bacterial Meningitis a A brain CT or MRI scan may show
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A brain CT or MRI scan may show contrast enhancement of the cerebral convexities, the base of the brain, or the ventricular ependyma.
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Although these studies may be helpful, the essential test in all cases of suspected meningitis is prompt lumbar puncture and CSF examination. CSF pressure is
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CSF pressure is elevated in approximately 90% of cases
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Although these studies may be helpful, the essential test in all cases of suspected meningitis is prompt lumbar puncture and CSF examination. CSF pressure is
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CSF pressure is elevated in approximately 90% of cases
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CSF white cell counts are what in BAct Men
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1000-10 000/mL
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CSF white cell counts are what in Bact Men
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1000-10 000/mL
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CSF white cell counts are what in Bact Men
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1000-10 000/mL
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What is the protein count in bact men?
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concentrations of 100-500 mg/dL are most common
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what is the protein count in bact men
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concentrations of 100-500 mg/dL are most common
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what is the protein count in bact men
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concentrations of 100-500 mg/dL are most common
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what given immediately before the onset of antibiotic treatment and continued for 4 days, can improve outcome and decrease mortality in immunocompetent patients with confirmed bacterial meningitis
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Dexamethasone
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given immediately before the onset of antibiotic treatment and continued for 4 days, can improve outcome and decrease mortality in immunocompetent patients with confirmed bacterial meningitis
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Dexamethasone
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given immediately before the onset of antibiotic treatment and continued for 4 days, can improve outcome and decrease mortality in immunocompetent patients with confirmed bacterial meningitis
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Dexamethasone
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Tuberculous meningitis The main finding is a
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basal meningeal exudate containing primarily mononuclear cells.
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Tuberculous meningitis The main finding is a
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basal meningeal exudate containing primarily mononuclear cells.
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tuberculous Meningitis lab findings
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CSF protein is usually more than 100 mg/dL and may exceed 500 mg/dL, particularly in patients with spinal subarachnoid block. Lymphocytic and mononuclear cell pleocytosis of 50-500 cells/mL is most often seen, but polymorphonuclear pleocytosis can occur early and may give an erroneous impression of bacterial meningitis
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tuberculous Meningitis lab findings
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CSF protein is usually more than 100 mg/dL and may exceed 500 mg/dL, particularly in patients with spinal subarachnoid block. Lymphocytic and mononuclear cell pleocytosis of 50-500 cells/mL is most often seen, but polymorphonuclear pleocytosis can occur early and may give an erroneous impression of bacterial meningitis
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tuberculous Meningitis lab findings
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CSF protein is usually more than 100 mg/dL and may exceed 500 mg/dL, particularly in patients with spinal subarachnoid block. Lymphocytic and mononuclear cell pleocytosis of 50-500 cells/mL is most often seen, but polymorphonuclear pleocytosis can occur early and may give an erroneous impression of bacterial meningitis
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TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS on CT
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characteristic contrast enhancement of the basal cisterns and cortical meninges, or hydrocephalus.
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TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS on CT
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characteristic contrast enhancement of the basal cisterns and cortical meninges, or hydrocephalus.
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TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS on CT
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characteristic contrast enhancement of the basal cisterns and cortical meninges, or hydrocephalus.
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TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS on CT
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characteristic contrast enhancement of the basal cisterns and cortical meninges, or hydrocephalus.
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viral encephalitis is characterized by
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characterized by perivascular cuffing, lymphocytic infiltration, and microglial proliferation mainly involving subcortical gray matter regions
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viral encephalitis is characterized by
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characterized by perivascular cuffing, lymphocytic infiltration, and microglial proliferation mainly involving subcortical gray matter regions
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viral encephalitis is characterized by
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characterized by perivascular cuffing, lymphocytic infiltration, and microglial proliferation mainly involving subcortical gray matter regions
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viral encephalitis is characterized by
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characterized by perivascular cuffing, lymphocytic infiltration, and microglial proliferation mainly involving subcortical gray matter regions
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has been implicated as a cause of retinitis and polyradiculomyelitis (see Chapter 5) in patients with HIV infection.
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Cytomegalovirus
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has been implicated as a cause of retinitis and polyradiculomyelitis (see Chapter 5) in patients with HIV infection.
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Cytomegalovirus
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has been implicated as a cause of retinitis and polyradiculomyelitis (see Chapter 5) in patients with HIV infection.
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Cytomegalovirus
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MRI of Toxo
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MRI is more sensitive than CT scanning and typically reveals one or more lesions, which often show a contrast enhancement of the rim and are commonly located in the basal ganglia.
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MRI of Toxo
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MRI is more sensitive than CT scanning and typically reveals one or more lesions, which often show a contrast enhancement of the rim and are commonly located in the basal ganglia.
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most common brain tumor associated with HIV infection
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Primary CNS Lymphoma
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most common brain tumor associated with HIV infection
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Primary CNS Lymphoma
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most common brain tumor associated with HIV infection
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Primary CNS Lymphoma
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most common brain tumor associated with HIV infection
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Primary CNS Lymphoma
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most common treatment for fungal meningitis,
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Amphotericin B
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most common treatment for fungal meningitis,
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Amphotericin B
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most common treatment for fungal meningitis,
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Amphotericin B
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Neurologic manifestations of cysticercosis
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They include seizures, headache, focal neurologic signs, hydrocephalus, myelopathy, and subacute meningitis. Peripheral blood eosinophilia, soft tissue calcifications, or parasites in the stool suggest the diagnosis
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Neurologic manifestations of cysticercosis
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They include seizures, headache, focal neurologic signs, hydrocephalus, myelopathy, and subacute meningitis. Peripheral blood eosinophilia, soft tissue calcifications, or parasites in the stool suggest the diagnosis
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Neurologic manifestations of cysticercosis
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They include seizures, headache, focal neurologic signs, hydrocephalus, myelopathy, and subacute meningitis. Peripheral blood eosinophilia, soft tissue calcifications, or parasites in the stool suggest the diagnosis
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Cysticercosis (t. Sole) Tx -
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albendazole
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Cysticercosis (t. Sole) Tx -
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albendazole
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