Chapter 1- Basics Principles Of Kinesiology

Front 1

kinesiology

Back 1

study of movement

Front 2

how the body moves w/o forces

Back 2

kinematics

Front 3

translation

Back 3

when all parts of the body are moving in the same direction as every other part.

Front 4

2 types of translation

Back 4

rectilinear motion
curvilinear motion

Front 5

rectilinear motion

Back 5

straight line
ex. PT pushing pt in wheelchair or throwing a ball in a straight line

Front 6

curvilinear motion

Back 6

the up & down movement
curved line
ex. walking or throwing a ball w/ arch motion

Front 7

active movements

Back 7

generated by stimulated or a time muscle
having pt do it themselves
ex. flexing an arm over the head

Front 8

passive movements

Back 8

What is happening externally (gravity)
ex. resistance of stretched ligament or just letting your arm fall down from the air

Front 9

________ of entire body is powered by muscles that rotate the limbs

Back 9

translation

Front 10

__________ movement of nearly all joints in the body occurs through rotation.

Back 10

functional

Front 11

anterior

Back 11

toward the front of the body

Front 12

toward the back of the body

Back 12

posterior

Front 13

an imaginary line that crosses vertically through the center of the body

Back 13

midline

Front 14

medial

Back 14

toward the midline of the body

Front 15

lateral

Back 15

away from the midline of the body
ex. horizontal abd.

Front 16

above, or toward the head

Back 16

superior

Front 17

inferior

Back 17

below, or toward the feet

Front 18

closer to, or toward the torso

Back 18

proximal

Front 19

distal

Back 19

away from the torso

Front 20

Cephalad

Back 20

toward the head

Front 21

caudal

Back 21

toward the feet, or tail

Front 22

superficial

Back 22

toward the surface (skin) of the body

Front 23

deep

Back 23

toward the inside (core) of the body

Front 24

the proximal attachment of a muscle or ligament (the base)

Back 24

origin

Front 25

insertion

Back 25

the distal attachment of a muscle or ligament- get the most movement here

Front 26

prone

Back 26

describes the position of an individual lying face down

Front 27

supine

Back 27

describes the position of an individual lying face up

Front 28

osteokinematics

Back 28

the motion of bones relative to the 3 cardinal planes of the body

Front 29

sagittal plane

Back 29

left-right division
flex, ext

Front 30

frontal plane

Back 30

front-back division
abd, add

Front 31

axis of rotation- anterior- posterior

Back 31

frontal, abd, add

Front 32

axis of rotation:medial-lateral

Back 32

sagittal- flex,ext

Front 33

axis of rotation- verticle (longitudinal)

Back 33

horizontal (transverse)
rotation

Front 34

motion of one bone approaching the flexor surface of another

Back 34

flexion

Front 35

extension

Back 35

an approximation of the extensor surfaces of two bones

Front 36

abduction

Back 36

frontal plane movement away from the midline

Front 37

adduction

Back 37

frontal plane movement toward the midline

Front 38

Internal rotation

Back 38

anterior bone surface rotates toward the midline

Front 39

external rotation

Back 39

anterior bone surface rotates away from the midline

Front 40

a circular motion through two planes

Back 40

circumduction

Hint 40

circumduction walking- swinging one leg around another

Front 41

translation of bone away from midline in a plane parallel to the ground

Back 41

protraction

Hint 41

scapula

Front 42

movement of a bony segment toward the midline in a plane parallel to the ground

Back 42

retraction

Hint 42

scapula

Front 43

supination

Back 43

forearm movement that turns the palm anteriorly

Front 44

pronation

Back 44

forearm movement that turns the palm posteriorly

Front 45

radial deviation

Back 45

lateral hand movement toward the radius

Front 46

ulnar deviation

Back 46

medial hand movement toward the ulna

Front 47

dorsiflexion

Back 47

sagittal plane ankle motion bringing the foot upward

Front 48

plantar flexion

Back 48

sagittal plane ankle motion pushing the foot downward

Front 49

open-chain motion

Back 49

movement of distal segment of bone about a relatively fixed proximal segment

Front 50

closed-chain motion

Back 50

movement of proximal segment of bone about a relatively fixed distal segment
• can get more function
• tend to make more sense to pts.

Front 51

arthrokinematics

Back 51

motion occuring between joint articular surfaces

Front 52

roll

Back 52

multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface

Front 53

slide

Back 53

single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface

Front 54

rule #1 convex on concave

Back 54

you have a roll with a slide in opposite direction to keep congruency of that joint

Front 55

rule #2 concave on convex

Back 55

the roll and slide are in the same direction

Front 56

kinetics

Back 56

branch of mechanics that describes the effect of forces on the body

Front 57

first class lever

Back 57

similar to a see-saw; fulcrum located between internal and external force (the head)

Front 58

second class lever

Back 58

axis of rotation located at one end of the bony lever; internal moment arm always longer than the external moment arm
ex. coming up on tip toes

Front 59

third class levers

Back 59

axis of rotation located at one end of the bony lever; internal moment arm always smaller than the external moment arm
ex. bicep curl

Front 60

line of pull

Back 60

describes the direction of muscular force

Front 61

vectors

Back 61

represent the magnitude and direction of a force

Front 62

force

Back 62

a push or pull that can produce, modify, or halt a movement
- provide the ultimate impetus for movement and stability in the body.
- internal or external forces

Front 63

torque

Back 63

rotational equivalent of force
- because nearly all joint motions occur about an axis of rotation, the internal and external force acting at a joint are expressed as torque

Front 64

the amount of torque generated across a joint depends on 2 things?

Back 64

1. the amount of force exerted
2. the distance between the force and axis of rotation