Chapter 1 Basic Word Structure

Front 1

adenoma (aden/-oma)

Back 1

tumor of a gland

Front 2

adenitis (aden/-itis)

Back 2

inflammation of a gland

Front 3

arthritis (arthr/-itis)

Back 3

inflammation of a joint

Front 4

biopsy (bi/-opsy)

Back 4

viewing life with a microscope (living tissue is removed from the body and viewed under a microscope)

Front 5

carcinoma (carcin/-oma)

Back 5

cancerous tumor (carcinomas grow from epithelial [surface of the skin] cells that cover the outside of the body and line organs, cavities, and tubes within the body)

Front 6

cardiology (cardi/o/-logy)

Back 6

study of the heart

Front 7

cephalic (cephal/-ic)

Back 7

pertaing to the head (if an infant is born with its head delivered first, it is a cephalic presentation)

Front 8

cerebral (cerebr/-al)

Back 8

pertaining to the cerebrum (a cerebrovascular accident occurs when damage to blood vessels in the cerebrum causes injury to nerve cells of the brain [CVA aka STROKE])

Front 9

incision (in-/cis/-ion)

Back 9

process of cutting into

Front 10

excision (ex-/cis/-ion)

Back 10

process of cutting out

Front 11

endocrine glands (endo-/crin/e)

Back 11

glands that secrete within (ex. thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands [endocrine glands secrete hormones directly within/ into the bloodstream] Other glands, called the exocrine glands, secrete chemicals through tubes/ ducts to the outside of the body [ex. saliva, sweat, and tears)

Front 12

cystoscopy (cyst/o/-scopy)

Back 12

viewing a urinary bladder (sac containing fluid) with a microscope

Front 13

cytology (cyt/o/-logy)

Back 13

study of a cell

Front 14

dermatitis (dermat/-itis)

Back 14

inflammation of the skin

Front 15

hypodermic (hypo-/derm/-ic)

Back 15

pertaining to under the skin

Front 16

electrocardiogram (electr/o/cardi/o/-gram)

Back 16

record of the electricity in the heart (abbreviations are ECG or EKG)

Front 17

electroencephalogram (electr/o/encephal/o/-gram)

Back 17

record of the electricity in the brain (abbreviation is EEG)

Front 18

enteritis (enter/-itis)

Back 18

inflammation of the intestines (the small intestine narrower but much longer than the large intestine)

Front 19

erythrocyte (erythr/o/-cyte)

Back 19

red cell (erythrocytes carry oxygen in the blood)

Front 20

gastrectomy (gastr/-ectomy)

Back 20

removal of the stomach

Front 21

gastrotomy (gastr/o/-tomy)

Back 21

incision or cutting into the stomach

Front 22

diagnosis (dia-/gnos/-is)

Back 22

state of complete knowledge (a diagnosis is made after sufficient information has been obtained about the patient's condition)

Front 23

prognosis (pro-/gnos/-is)

Back 23

state of knowledge before ("before knowledge," a prognosis is a prediction about the outcome of an illness, but it is always given afer the diagnosis has been determined)

Front 24

gynecology (gynec/o/-logy)

Back 24

study of women and women's disease

Front 25

hematology (hemat/o/-logy)

Back 25

study of blood

Front 26

hematoma (hemat/-oma)

Back 26

mass or collection of blood (a hematoma occurs when blood escapes from blood vessels and collects as a clot in a cavity, organ, or under the skin)

Front 27

hemoglobin (hem/o/-globin)

Back 27

protein of the blood (hemoglobin helps carry oxygen in red blood cells)

Front 28

hepatitis (hepat/-itis)

Back 28

inflammation of the liver

Front 29

iatrogenic (iatr/o/-genic)

Back 29

produced by treatment (iatrogenic conditions are adverse side effects that result from treatment or intervention by a physician)

Front 30

leukocyte (leuk/o/-cyte)

Back 30

white blood cell (this blood cell helps the body fight disease)

Front 31

nephritis (nephr/-itis)

Back 31

inflammation of the kidney

Front 32

nephrology (nephro/o/-logy)

Back 32

study of the kidney

Front 33

neurology (neur/o/-logy)

Back 33

study of the nerve

Front 34

oncology (onc/o/-logy)

Back 34

study of the tumor

Front 35

oncologist (onc/o/-log/-ist)

Back 35

an internal medicine specialist who takes fellowship trainingin the diagnosis and medical (drug) treatment of cancer

Front 36

ophthalmoscope (ophthalm/o/-scope)

Back 36

an instrument for visual examination of the eye

Front 37

osteitis (oste/-itis)

Back 37

inflammation of the bone

Front 38

osteoarthritis (oste/o/arthr/-itis)

Back 38

inflammation of the bone and joint (this condition is actually a degeneration of bones and joints that occurs with aging. it is often accompanied by inflammation)

Front 39

pathology (path/o/-logy)

Back 39

study of disease

Front 40

pathologist (path/o/-log/-ist)

Back 40

a specialist in the study of disease (a pathologist examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines a dead body to determine the cause of death)

Front 41

pediatric (ped/iatr/-ic)

Back 41

pertaining to the treatment of children (originally, orthopedists were doctors who straighntened children's bones and corrected deformaities. nowadays, orthopedists specialize in disorders of bones and muscles of people of all ages)

Front 42

psychology (psych/o/-logy)

Back 42

the study of the mind

Front 43

radiology (radi/o/-logy)

Back 43

the study of x-rays

Front 44

renal (ren/-al)

Back 44

pertaining to the kidney

Front 45

rhinitis (rhin/-itis)

Back 45

inflammation of the nose

Front 46

sarcoma (sarc/-oma)

Back 46

tumor of the flesh (this is a cancerous [malignant]tumor. a sarcoma grows from cells of "fleshy" connective tissue such as muscle, bone, and fat, whereas a carcinoma [another type of cancerous tumor] grows from epithelial cells that line the outside of the body or the inside of organs in the body)

Front 47

resection (re-/sect/-ion)

Back 47

the process of cutting back (a resection is a cutting back in the sense of cutting out or removal/excision. a gastric resection is a gastrectomy, or an oran being "cut back")

Front 48

thrombocyte (thromb/o/-cyte)

Back 48

clotting cell (also known as a platelets, these cells help clot blood. a thrombus is the actual clot that forms, and thrombosis is the condition of clot formation)

Front 49

urology (ur/o/-logy)

Back 49

study of the urinary tract (a urologist is a surgeon who operates on the organs of the urinary tract and the organs of the male reproductive system)

Front 50

cardiac (cardi/-ac)

Back 50

pertaining to the heart

Front 51

neural (neur/-al)

Back 51

pertaining to the nerve

Front 52

arthralgia (arthr/-algia)

Back 52

pain in the joint

Front 53

neuralgia (neur/-algia)

Back 53

pain in the nerve

Front 54

nephrectomy (nephr/-ectomy)

Back 54

removal of the kidney

Front 55

leukemia (leuk/-emia)

Back 55

a condition of white (blood cell) (actually, it is a condition of blood in which cancerous white blood cells proliferate [increase])

Front 56

carcinogenic (carcin/o/-genic)

Back 56

producing cancer (a cigarette is a carcinogenic)

Front 57

pathogenic (path/o/-genic)

Back 57

produced by a disease (a virus or a bacterium is a pathogenic organism)

Front 58

gastric (gastr/-ic)

Back 58

pertaining to the stomach

Front 59

neurological (neur/o/-log/-ical)

Back 59

pertaining to the study of the nerve

Front 60

gynecologist (gynec/o/-log/-ist)

Back 60

specialist in the study of women

Front 61

cystitis (cyst/-itis)

Back 61

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Front 62

endocrinology (endo-/crin/o/-log/-y)

Back 62

process of secreting within

Front 63

hepatoma (hepat/-oma)

Back 63

is a tumor in the liver (a hepatoma [hepatocellular carcinoma] is a malignant tumor of the liver

Front 64

nephrosis (nephr/-osis)

Back 64

[usually] an abnormal condition in the kidney

Front 65

leukocytosis (leuk/o/-cyt/-osis)

Back 65

[usually] an abnormal condition in the white blood cells (this condition, a slight increase in normal white blood cells, occurs as white blood cells multiply to fight an infection)

Front 66

enteropathy (enter/o/-pathy)

Back 66

disease condition in the intestines [usually in the small intestines]

Front 67

endoscope (endo-/-scope)

Back 67

an instrument to visually examine within (a cystoscope is an endoscope)

Front 68

adenopathy (aden/o/-pathy)

Back 68

disease condition in the gland

Front 69

endoscopy (endo-/-scopy)

Back 69

to view within with an endoscope

Front 70

osteotomy (oste/o/-tomy)

Back 70

process of cutting/incision of the bone

Front 71

gastroenterology (gastr/o/enter/o/-logy)

Back 71

the study of the stomach and the intestines

Front 72

anemia (an-/-emia)

Back 72

without blood condition (anemia is a decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the red blood cells. this results in decreased delivery of oxygen to cells of the body. originally, anemic patients look so pale that they were thought to be "without blood")

Front 73

autopsy (auto-/-psy)

Back 73

viewing with a microscope by one self (this term literally means "to view by one's self." hence, an autopsy is the examination of a dead body with one's eyes to determine the cause of death an nature of disease)

Front 74

endocrinologist (endo-/crin/o/-log/-ist)

Back 74

a specialist who studies secretions from within

Front 75

epigastric (epi-/gastr/-ic)

Back 75

pertaining to above the stomach

Front 76

epidermis (epi-/derm/-is)

Back 76

above the skin (this outermost layer of skin lies above the middle layer of skin, known as the dermis)

Front 77

exocrine glands (exo-/crine)

Back 77

glands that secrete out

Front 78

hyperglycemia (hyper-/glyc/-emia)

Back 78

condition of excessive sugar in the blood

Front 79

hypogastric (hypo-/gastr/-ic)

Back 79

below the stomach (when hypo- is used with a part of the body, it means below)

Front 80

hypoglycemia (hypo-/glyc/-emia)

Back 80

condition when deficient in sugar in the blood

Front 81

incision (in-/cis/-ion)

Back 81

process of cutting into/in

Front 82

pericardium (peri/-cardi/-um)

Back 82

structure [membrane] surrounding the heart

Front 83

retrocardiac (retro-/cardi/-ac)

Back 83

pertaining to behind the heart

Front 84

subhepatic (sub-/hepat/-ic)

Back 84

pertaining to below the liver

Front 85

trashepatic (trans-/hepat/-ic)

Back 85

pertaining to across/through the liver

Front 86

biology (bio/-logy)

Back 86

study of life

Front 87

dermatology (dermat/o/-logy)

Back 87

study of skin

Front 88

opthalmologist (optham/o/-log/-ist)

Back 88

specialist who studies the eye

Front 89

psychiatry (psych/iatr/-y)

Back 89

process of treatment for the mind

Front 90

psychiatrist

Back 90

specialist who treats the mind