Chapter 1 Ap Human Geography

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Human-induced changes on the natural enviroment

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Anthropogenic

Front 2

Theory and practice of making visual reorentations of the earth's surface in the form of maps

Back 2

Cartography

Front 3

The study of the interactions between societies and the natural enviroment they live in

Back 3

Cultural ecology

Front 4

The human-modified natural landscaping specifically containing the imprint of a particular or society

Back 4

Cultural landscaping

Front 5

Systematic approach to physical systems and processes on a global scale

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Earth System Science

Front 6

The interaction between human and physical geography, which explores the spatial impacts humans have on the physical enviroment and vice versa

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Enviromental Geography

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The head librarien at Alexandria during the third century B.C; He was one of the first cartographers. Performed a remarkably accurate computation of the Earths cir cumference. He is also credited with coining the term "Geography"

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Erthosthenes

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Name given to crescent-chape area of fertile land stretchinf from the lower Nile valley, along the east Mediterranean coast, and into Syria and Present-day Iraq where agriculture and early civilization first began about 800 B.C

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Fertile Cresent

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A set of computer tools used to capture, store, Transform, Analyze, and display geographic data

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GIS (Geographical Information Systems)

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A set of satellites used to help determine location anywhere on the earth's surface with portable electronic devices

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GPS (Global Positioning System)

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Pertaining to the unique facts or characteristics of a particular place

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Idiographic

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Inventor, diplomat, politician, and scholar, his classic work, Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action, Provided the first description of the extent to which natural systems had been impacted by human actions.

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George Perkins Marsh

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The Physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by human activities

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Natural Landscape

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Concepts or rules that can be applied universally

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Nomothetic

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He claimed that geography drew from four distinct traditions: the earth-science tradition, the culture-enviroment tradition, the locational tradition, and the area-analysis tradition

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W.D Pattison

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The realm of geography that studies the structures, processes, distributions, and change through time of the natural phenomena of the earth's surface.

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Physical Geography

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Roman Geographer -astronomer and author og Guide to Geography which included maps containing a grid system of latitude and longitude.

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Ptolemy

Front 18

Data associatedwith a more humanistic approach to geography, often collected through interviews, empirical observations, or the interpretation of texts, artwork, old maps, and other archives

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Quatitative data

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Data associated with mathematical modles and satistical techniques used to analyze spatial location and association

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Quantitative

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A peroid in human geography associated with widspread adoption of mathmatical modles and statistical techniques

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Quantitative revolution

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a territory that encompasses many places that share similar attributes (may be physical, cultural, or both) in comparison with the attributes of polaces elsewhere

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Region

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The study of geographic regions

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Regional Geography

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Observation and mathmatical measurment of the earth's surface ising aircraft and satellites. The sensors include noth photographic imahes, thermal images, multispectura; scanners, and radar images.

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Remote Sensing

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Geohrapher from the University of California at blerkeley who defined the concept of cultural landscape as the fundamental unit of geographical analysis. This landscape results from interaction between humans and physical envirmont. Sauer argued that virtually no landscape has escaped alteration by human activities.

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Carl Sauer

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Feelings evoked by people as a result of certain experiences and memories associated with a particular place.

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Sense of Place

Front 26

An intellectual framework that looks at the particular locations of specific phenomena, how and why the phenomena is hwere it is and, finally, how it is spatiallly related to phenomena on other places.

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Spatial Perslective

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The concept of using the earth's resources in such a way that they provide for people's needs in the present without diminishing the earth's bility to provide for future generations

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Sustainability

Front 28

The study of the earth's intergrated systems as a whole, instead of focusing on particular phenomena in a single place.

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Systematic Geography

Front 29

Individual maps of specific features that are overlaid on one another in a Geogaphical Information System to understand and analyze spatial relationship

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Thematic Layers

Front 30

Lots if different cultures in one area

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Local Diversity

Front 31

The frequency of occurrence or the natural geographic range or place where any item or category of items occurs

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Distribution

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To extend to other or all parts of the globe

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Globalization

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A square 6 miles on each side

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Township

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Some of the North-South lines separating townships are called...

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Principal Meridians

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East-West lines are designated...

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Base Lines

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Corresponds to a township location east or west of a pricipal meridian

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Range

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The name givin to a place on earth

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Toponymis

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Refers to the physical, gap or interval between two objects.

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Space

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Up and down lines

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Lines of Longitude

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Left and Right lines

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Lines of Latitude

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Ther Meridian that passes through the Rotal Obseritory at Greenwich England is 0o Longitude

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Prime Meridian

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Also known as Uniform region or a Homogeneous Region is an area with in thich everyone ahres in common one or more distintive charateristics

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Formal Region

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The physical Charater of a place

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Site

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The location of a place realtive to another place

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Situation

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An arc drawn between the north and south poles

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Meridian

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A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the Equator and ais at right angles to the merdians

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Parallel

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also called a NOdal Region is an area organised around a node or focal point.

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A functional Region

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Also known as a prerceptual Region is a place that people beliefs exists as part of there cultural idenity.

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A Vernaculer Region

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An internal representaion of a portion of the earths surface.

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A Mental Map

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The body of customery beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a grouip of people

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Culture

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A system of signal, sound, gesters, and marks that have meaning understood within a cultural group

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Language

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The Geograhic study of human enviroment realationaship

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Cultural Ecology

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The physical enviroment caused social develipment , and approach

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Envirmental Determination

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Physical enviroment my limit some human activities

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Possiblisim

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Substaces that are useful to people

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Resourses

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Geographers that study earth's land forms

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Geomorpgology

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a Piece of land that is created by draining wetlands and protected by dikes

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Polder

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Does buiness in many place

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Transnational coporation

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The arrangment of a feature in a space

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Distribution

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The frequency with which something occurs in space

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Density

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The extent of a feature spread over space

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Concentration

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Third property of distrbution Geometric arrangemen of a space.

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Pattern

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The Spread of an idea through phycical movement of people from one place to another

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Relocation Diffusion

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The spread of a feature from one place to another ina snowballing process

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Expantion Diffusion

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the spread of an idea from person or nodes of authority or power to other people

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Hierarchical Diffusion

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Tailing-off phenonmon

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Distance Decay

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The process by which a charateristic spreads across spacce from one place to another over time.

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Diffusion

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The place from which an inovsation originates

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A hearth

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Th rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population.

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Contagious Diffusion

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The spread of an underling principle, even through a characteristic itself apparently fales to diffuse

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Stimulus Diffusion

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The increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and phriphery that results from globalization of the economy

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Uneven Development