Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
ventral
|
Toward the front* or belly
|
The aorta is ventral to the vertebral column.
|
|
|
dorsal
|
Toward the back or spine
|
The vertebral column is dorsal to the aorta.
|
|
|
anterior
|
Toward the ventral side*
or front |
The sternum is anterior to the heart.
|
|
|
posterior
|
Toward the dorsal side*
|
The esophagus is posterior to the trachea.
|
|
|
cephalic
|
Toward the head or superior end
|
The cephalic end of the embryonic neural tube develops into the brain.
|
|
|
rostral
|
Toward the forehead or nose
|
The forebrain is rostral to the brainstem.
|
|
|
caudal
|
Toward the tail or inferior end
|
Toward the tail or inferior end
|
|
|
superior
|
above
|
The heart is superior to the diaphragm.
|
|
|
inferior
|
below
|
The liver is inferior to the diaphragm.
|
|
|
medial
|
toward the medial plane
|
The heart is medial to the lungs.
|
|
|
lateral
|
Away from the median plane
|
the eyes are lateral to the nose
|
|
|
proximal
|
Closer to the point of attachment or origin
|
The elbow is proximal to the wrist.
|
|
|
distal
|
Farther from the point of attachment or origin
|
The fingernails are at the distal ends of the fingers.
|
|
|
ipsilateral
|
On the same side of the body
|
The liver is ipsilateral to the appendix.
|
|
|
contralateral
|
On opposite sides of the body
|
The spleen is contralateral to the liver.
|
|
|
superficial
|
Closer to the body surface
|
The skin is superficial to the muscles.
|
|
|
deep
|
Farther from the body surface
|
The bones are deep to the muscles.
|
|
|
transverse or horizontal plane
|
passes across the body or an organ perpendicular to its long axis (fig. A.4c); it divides the body or organ into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
|
CT scans are typically transverse sections (see fig. 1.13c, p. 23).
|
|
|
frontal or coronal plane
|
extends vertically, but it is perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.
|
A frontal section of the head, for example, would divide it into one portion bearing the face and another bearing the back of the head. Contents of the thoracic and abdominal cavities are most commonly shown in the frontal section
|
|
|
sagital plane
|
passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into right and left portions.
|
|
|
|
median or midsagittal plane
|
The sagittal plane that divides the body or organ into equal halves
|
The head and pelvic organs are commonly illustrated on the median plane
|
|
|
parasagittal plane
|
Other sagittal planes parallel to this (off center) divide the body into unequal right and left portions.
|
|
|
|
axial
|
consists of the head, neck (cervical3 region), and trunk.
|
|
|
|
thoracic
|
above the diaphragm and the abdominal region below it.
|
|
|
|
segment
|
of a limb is a region between one joint and the next
|
|
|
|
cranial cavity
|
brain
|
membranous lining-meninges
|
|
|
vertebral canal
|
spinal cord
|
membranous lining-meninges
|
|
|
pleural cavities
|
lungs
|
membranous lining-pleurae
|
|
|
pericardial cavity
|
heart
|
membranous lining-pericardium
|
|
|
abdominal cavity
|
Digestive organs, spleen, kidneys
|
membranous lining peritoneum
|
|
|
pelvic cavity
|
Bladder, rectum, reproductive organs
|
membranous lining peritoneum
|
|
|
meninges
|
meninges protect the delicate nervous tissue from the hard protective bone that encloses it.
|
|
|
|
mediastinum
|
The thoracic cavity is divided by a thick wall called
|
This is the region between the lungs, extending from the base of the neck to the diaphragm. It is occupied by the heart, the major blood vessels connected to it, the esophagus, the trachea and bronchi, and a gland called the thymus.
|
|
|
pericardium
|
The heart is enfolded in a two-layered membrane called
|
|
|
|
visceral pericardium
|
The inner layer of the pericardium forms the surface of the heart itself and is called
|
The outer layer is called the parietal (pa-RYE-eh-tul) pericardium (pericardial sac).
|
|
|
retroperitoneal
|
Some organs of the abdominal cavity lie against the posterior body wall and are covered by peritoneum only on the side facing the peritoneal cavity. They are said to have a
|
These include the kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, most of the pancreas, and abdominal portions of two major blood vessels—the aorta and inferior vena cava
|
|
|
intraperitoneal
|
Organs that are encircled by peritoneum and connected to the posterior body wall by peritoneal sheets are described as
|
|
