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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Anatomy?
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Science of the normal structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.
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What is a hypothesis?
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Idea of principle to be tested in experiment.
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What is an experiment?
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Series of tests of a hypothesis; and controlled experiment eliminates biases or outside influences.
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What is a Theory?
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A hypothesis that has been proven by experiments to have a high degree of confidence.
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What is a Law?
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A theory that has an unusally high level of confidence.
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What is cell theory?
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If it is made of one or more cells, it is alive.
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What is autopoiesis?
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Living organisms are self-organized and self-maintaining.
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What are the systemic functions?
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Respiratory, neurovascular, or cardiovascular physiology.
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What is the organizational level?
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Molecular or cellular physiology.
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What are the three subdivisons of physiology?
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organism involved, organizational level, systemic function.
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What is microscopic anatomy?
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Study of body parts using a microscope. (histology)
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What is physiology?
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Science of the normal functions of organisms.
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What is systemic anatomy?
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Study of the body by systems.
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What is an example of organism involved?
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human or plant physiology.
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What is pathological anatomy?
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Study of diseased body structures.
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What is developmental anatomy?
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Study of human growth and development.
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What is histology?
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Study of tissues.
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What are the two types of microscopic anatomy?
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Cytology and Histology
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What is cytology?
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Study of the cells
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What is gross anatomy?
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Study of the body and its parts using only the naked eye.
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What are the four types of tissues?
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Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue |
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What is the tissue level?
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An organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function.
** Tissue cells surrounded by nonliving matrix.** |
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What is the cellular level?
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Smallest and most numerous units that possess and exhibit characteristics of life.
Cell(nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm within a limiting membrane) Cells differentiate to perform unique functions. |
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What is the organelle level?
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Chemical structures organized to form organelles that perform individual functions.
It is the organelles that allow the cell to live. |
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What is the chemical level?
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Chemical structures seperate living material from nonliving material.
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What is metabolism?
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Sum total of all physical and chemical reactions occuring in the living body.
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What is contralateral?
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Structures are on opposite sides of the body in anatomical position.
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What is ipsilateral?
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Structures are on the same side of body in anatomical position.
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What is the organism level?
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The living human organism is greater than the sum of its parts.
All of the components interact to allow the human to survive and flourish. |
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What is the system level?
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Involves varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged to perform complex functions.
-Support and movement -Communication, control, and integration. -Transportation and defense. -Respiration, nutrition, and excretion. -Reproduction and development. |
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What is the organ level?
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Organization of several different kinds of tissues to perform a specific function.
Organs represent discrete and functionally complex operational units. Each organ has a unique size, shape, appearance, and placement in the body. |
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What two cavities are in the ventral cavity?
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Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity.
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What is included in the thoracic cavity?
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Right and left pleural cavities
Mediastinum |
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What is included in the abdominopelvic cavities?
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Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity |
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What two cavities are in the dorsal cavity?
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Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity |
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What parts of the body is included in the Axial Subdivison?
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Head, Neck, Torso or trunk and its subdivisions.
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What parts of the body are in the appendicular subdivision?
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Upper and lower extremities.
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What are the nine abdominal regions?
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Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region Left hypochodriac region Right lumbar region Umbilical region Left lumbar region Right iliac (inguinal) region Hypogastric Region Left iliac (inguinal) region |
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What are the four abdominopelvic quadrants?
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Right and Left Upper quadrants
Right and Left Lower quadrants |
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What are the five directional terms?
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Superior, Inferior, Anterior(ventral), posterier (dorsal), medial
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What are the 9 terms related to organs?
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Lumen (luminal) - Hollow organs
Central - Near the Center Peripheral- Around the boundary Medullary (medulla)- inner region of an organ Cortical (cortex)-outer region of an organ Apical (Apex)-Point of a cone Basal (base)-Base of a cone |
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What are the three major planes?
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Sagittal (midsagittal or median sagittal)
Frontal (coronal) Transverse |
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How does the sagittal plane run?
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Front to back dividing body into right and left sides.
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What is midsagittal?
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When the body is divided into right and left sides equally.
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How does the frontal (coronal) plane run?
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Side to side dividing body into anterior and posterior portions.
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How does the transverse plane divide the body?
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Into upper and lower parts.
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What are the two types of endomorphs?
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Apple-shaped and Pear-shaped.
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What is an apple-shaped endomorph?
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A person with more fat accumulation in the waist than hips.
*Higher risk for health problems* |
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What is a pear-shaped endomorph?
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More fat accumulation in hips than in waist.
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What is a mesomorph?
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A person with a muscular physique.
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What is an ectomorph?
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A person who has a thin, often fragile physique with little fat.
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What is homeostasis?
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When the body adjusts important variables to an acceptable range.
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What are some examples of homeostasis?
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Temperature Regulation
Regulation of blood carbon dioxide level Regulation of blood glucose level. |
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What is sensor mechanism?
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Specific sensors detect and react to any changes from normal
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What is integrating or control center?
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Information is analyzed and integrated and then if needed a specific action is initiated
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What is effector mechanism?
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Effectors directly influence controlled physiological variables.
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What is feedback?
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Process of information about a variable constantly flowing back from the sensor to the integrator.
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What are the characteristics of negative feeback control systems?
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Are inhibitory
Stabalize physiological variables. Produce an action that is opposite to the change that activated the system. Are responsible for homeostasis Are much more common than positive feedback control systems. |
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What are the characteristics of positive control systems?
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Are simulatory
Amplify or reinforce the change that is occuring. Tend to produce destabilizing effects and disrupt homeostasis Bring specific body functions to swift completion. |
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What are the three levels of control?
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Intracellular control
Intrinsic Control (autoregulation) Extrinsic Control |
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What is intracellular control?
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Regulation within cells
Genes or enzymes can regulate cell processes |
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What is intrinsic control?
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Regulation within tissues or organs
May involve chemical signals May involve other built in mechanisms |
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What is extrinsic control?
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Regulation from organ to organ
May involve nerve signals May involve endocrine signals |
