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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Lev Vygotsky |
Russian developmental psychologist. Learning is enhanced by social interaction. Learning takes place within ZPD. Cooperative learning. Constructivism. |
ZPD |
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Zone of Proximal Development |
Vygotsky Tasks that a child cannot yet do alone but could do with the assistance of more competent peers or adults |
Help |
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Jean Piaget |
Swiss psychologist People pass through four stages of cognitive development in the same order. Schema theory |
Groups |
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Sensorimotor |
Piaget Uses senses to explore the world. Egocentric perspective.
Realizes objects exist even when not present. Focuses on the present. |
Infancy |
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Preoperational |
Piaget Uses representational symbols. Rapidly develops language. Less dependence on senses. Classifies objects by a single feature. Believes everything happens for a reason. |
Toddler/Early Childhood |
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Concrete Operational |
Piaget Thinks logically about objects and events. Classifies objects by several features. Understands numbers. Realizes objects can appear in different forms. |
Elementary Adolescence |
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Formal Operations |
Piaget Solves complex verbal and hypothetical problems. Thinks through symbols. Able to reason scientifically and logically. Capable of abstract thinking that includes past, present, and future. |
Adolescence/Adulthood |
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Schema Theory |
Piaget Students group similar types of information into schemata (categories) according to similarities and differences. Students either assimilate new info into existing schema or accommodate by creating a new schema. |
Sorting Experiences |
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John Dewey |
Educational reformer. Progressive Emphasized students and their interests, rather than subject matter. Child-centered curriculum Prepare for realities of today |
Useful Learning |
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Jerome Bruner |
American Psychologist Importance of understanding the essential concepts of a subject The need for active learning as the basis for true understanding Inductive reasoning 3 modes of learning: enactive, iconic, and symbolic Discovery learning |
Process of Learning |
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Enactive Mode of Learning |
Bruner Learning by doing. |
Kinesthetic
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Iconic Mode of Learning |
Bruner
Learning by forming mental images. |
Photographic
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Symbolic Mode of Learning |
Bruner Learning through a series of abstract symbols or representations |
Reading |
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Constructivism |
Dewey, Piaget, and Vygotsky Learners individually discover and build their own knowledge. Learners construct a mental image by combining info in their heads with info from sense organs. Lecturing minimized Multiple intelligences honored |
Active Participants |
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Attitudes |
Mind-sets toward a person, place, or thing. |
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Responsibility |
State of being accountable or answerable for one's actions. Ability to meet obligations or to act without direct guidance. |
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Teacher Testing |
Requirement, usually legislatively mandated, that teachers pass a test prior to certification. |
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Accountability |
Holding teachers and schools responsible for what is taught and what students learn. |
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