Chapter 1

Front 1

matter

Back 1

anything that has mass and occupies space

Front 2

mass

Back 2

the property that defines the quantity of matter in an object

Front 3

energy

Back 3

the capacity to do work

Front 4

chemistry

Back 4

the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of the energy consumed or given off when mater undergoes a change

Front 5

substance

Back 5

matter that has a constant composition and cannot be broken down into simpler matter by any physical process, also called: pure substance

Front 6

physical process

Back 6

a transformation of a sample of matter, such as a change in its physical state, that does not alter the chemical identity of any substance in the sample

Front 7

mixture

Back 7

a combination of pure substances in variable proportions in which the individual substances retain their chemical identities and can be separated from one another by a physical process

Front 8

homogeneous mixture

Back 8

a mixture in which the components are distributed uniformly throughout and have no visible boundaries or regions

Front 9

solution

Back 9

another name for homogeneous mixture. solutions are often liquids, but they also be solids or gases

Front 10

heterogeneous mixture

Back 10

a mixture in which the components are not distributed uniformly so that the mixture contains distinct regions of different compositions

Front 11

element

Back 11

a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical process

Front 12

compound

Back 12

a pure substance that is composed of two or more elements bonded tog ether in fixed proportions and that can be broken down into those elements by some chemical process

Front 13

chemical reaction

Back 13

the transformation of one or more substances into different substances

Front 14

law of constant composition

Back 14

all samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions

Front 15

atom

Back 15

the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical characteristics of the element

Front 16

molecule

Back 16

a collection of atoms chemically bonded together in characteristic proportions

Front 17

chemical formula

Back 17

a notation for representing elements and compounds, consists of the symbols of the constituent elements and subscripts identifying the number of atoms of each element in one molecule

Front 18

chemical equation

Back 18

notation in which chemical formulas express the identities and their coefficients express the quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction

Front 19

chemical bond

Back 19

the energy that holds two atoms in a molecule together

Front 20

filtration

Back 20

a process for separating particles suspended in a liquid or a gas from that liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium that retains the particles

Front 21

distilation

Back 21

a separation technique in which the more volatile (more easily vaporized) components of a mixture are vaporized and then condensed , thereby separating them from the less volatile components

Front 22

intensive property

Back 22

a property that is independent of the amount of substance present - such as color, bp etc.

Front 23

extensive property

Back 23

a property that varies with the quantity of the substance present

Front 24

physical property

Back 24

a property of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

Front 25

density (d)

Back 25

the ratio of the mass (m) of an object to its volume (v)

Front 26

chemical property

Back 26

a property of a substance that can be observed only by reacting it to form another substance

Front 27

solid

Back 27

a form of matter that has definite shape and volume

Front 28

liquid

Back 28

a form of matter that occupies a definite volume but flows to assume the shape of its container

Front 29

gas

Back 29

a form of matter that has neither definite volume nor shape and that expands to fill its container, also called vapor

Front 30

sublimation

Back 30

transformation of a sold directly into a vapor (gas)

Front 31

deposition

Back 31

transformation of a vapor (gas) directly into a solid

Front 32

meter

Back 32

the standard unit of length, equivalent to 39.37 inches

Front 33

significant figures

Back 33

all the certain digits in a measured value plus one estimated digit. The greater the number of significant figures, the greater the certainty with which the value is known

Front 34

precision

Back 34

the extent to which repeated measurements of the same variable agree

Front 35

accuracy

Back 35

agreement between an experimental value and the true value

Front 36

conversion factor

Back 36

a fraction in which the numerator is equivalent to the denominator but is expressed in different units, making the value of the fraction one

Front 37

kelvin (K)

Back 37

the SI unit of temperature

Front 38

absolute zero (O K)

Back 38

the zero point on the Kelvin temperature scale; theoretically the lowest temperature possible