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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microbiology is the study of __1__ which includes the study of these entities __2__ and __3__. |
1. biology of microorganisms 2. acellular 3. cellular |
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Acellular entities include __4__, __5__, __6__, __7__.
Cellular entities include __8__ (__9__) || __10__: __11__, __12__, __13__, __14__. |
4. Viroids 5. Prions. 6.Virusoids 7. Viruses 8. Prokaryotes 9. Bacteria 10. Eukaryotes 11. Protozoa 12. Many algae 13. Some fungi 14. Helminthe (worm) Larvae |
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Microbiology studies the following aspects of microorganisms: __15__, __16__, __17__, __18__, __19__, __20__. |
15. Biochemistry 16. Morphology 17. Physiology 18. Genetics 19. Ecology 20. Evolution |
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There are two aspects of microbiology: __21__ and __22__. __23__ are excellent models for understanding cellular processes in __24__ and __25__ organisms. Microbes play important roles in __26__, __27__ and __28__. |
21. Understanding basic life processes (basic science) 22. Applying that knowledge to the benefit of humans (applied science) 23. Microbes 24. Unicellular 25. Multicellular 26. Medicine 27. Agriculture 28. Industry |
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Microorganisms are the oldest __29__ that can be found almost __30__ but most live in __31__ and __32__. These organisms are the largest __33__ on earth. They carry out major __36__ cycles such as __37__ and __38__ . Other organisms require __39__ to survive. |
29. Form of life (3.9-3.8 bya) 30. Everywhere 31. Oceans 32. Soil 33. Mass of living material 36. Biogeochemical 37.Nitrogen 38. Carbon 39. Microbes |
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__98__ was the first person to observe and describe Microorganisms accurately in __99__ using a simple __100__ |
98. Antony can Leeuwenhoek 99. 1674 100. Microscope |
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101. What is spontaneous generation? |
living organisms can develop from no living or decomposing matter |
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__102__ helped disprove spontaneous generation with his experiments where he placed __103__ in flasks, created flasks with long curved necks, __104__ the solutions and left the flasks exposed to __105__. The results showed that there was __106__. |
102. Louis Pasteur 103. Nutrient solution 104. Boiled 105. Air 106. No growth of microorganisms |
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Louis Pasteur also determined that __111__ fermentations and other fermentations were the result of __112__, developed the process of __113__ to preserve __114__ during storage, and developed vaccines for __115__, __116__ and __117__. |
111. Alcohol 112. Microbial activity 113. Pasteurization 114. Wine 115. Chicken cholera 116. Anthrax 117. Rabies |
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__118__ demonstrated that __119__ carries microorganisms. He showed that if __120__ was absent, __121__ remained sterile even if they were exposed to air which also provided proof that there are __122__ forms of bacteria. |
118. John Tyndall 119. Dust 120. Dust 121. Nutrient broths 122. Heat-resistant |
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123. What is the germ theory? |
Belief that certain diseases were caused by microorganisms |
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Microorganisms cause many human and animal __40__ and cause most __41__ disease while causing 99.99% of all __42__. They are responsible for the __43__ of __44__ materials and many make useful __45__. They are also responsible for __46__ and __47__/ __48__. |
40. Disease 41. Plant 42. Decomposition 43. Deterioration 44. Organic 45. Products 46.Bioremediation 47. Food 48. Beverages |
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Cellular Microorganisms are placed into three domains based on __49__. These domains are __50__, __51__, and __52__. |
49. Ribosomal RNA genes 50. Bacteria (true bacteria)-prokaryote 51. Archaea- prokaryote 52. Eukarya (eukaryotes) |
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In the domain Bacteria, the organisms are usually __53__ and majority of them have cell walls with __54__. They lack a __55__ and can be found everywhere but some live in __56__. __57__ and some others produce a significant amount of __58__. |
53. Single-celled 54. Peptidoglycan 55. Membrane bound nucleus 56. Extreme environments 57. Cyanobacteria 58. Oxygen |
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In the domain Archaea, organisms can be distinguished from those in domain Bacteria by their unique __59__. These organisms lack __60__ in their cell walls and have unique __61__ many of which live in __62__. |
59. rRNA sequences 60. Peptidoglycan 61. Membrane lipids 62. Extreme environments |
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The domain Eukarya can be divided into __63__ and __64__. |
63. Protists 64. Fungi |
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__65__ are generally larger than Bacteria and Archaea which includes __66__: __67__ (__68__), __69__: __70__, __71__: __72__, __73__: __74__. |
65. Protists 66. Algae 67. Photoautotrophs 68. Photosynthetic 69. Protozoa 70. Chemorganoheterotrophs 71. Slime molds 72. Chemorganoheterotrophs with two life cycle stages 73. Water molds 74. Chemorganoheterotrophs |
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Fungi are __75__ with these organisms, __76__: __77__ and __78__: __79__. |
75. Chemorganoheterotrophs absorbers 76. Yeast 77. Unicellular 78. Mold 79. Multicellular |
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Viruses are the smallest of all __80__ which require host cells in order to __81__. They can cause a variety of different __82__, even some __83__.
Viroids and Virusouds are __84__ while Prions are __85__. |
80. Microbes 81. Replicate 82. Diseases 83. Cancers 84. Infectious agents composed of RNA 85. Infectious proteins |
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__124__ was believed to be due to supernatural forces and other factors so the __125__ theory wasn't immediately obvious. |
124. Infectious disease 125. Germ |
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__126__ showed that the __127__ disease of silkworms was caused by a protozoan |
126. Louis Pasteur 127. pébrine |
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Robert Koch established the relationship between __139__ and __140__ and __141__ and __142__. These criteria now known as __143__. |
139. Bacillus anthracis 140. anthrax 141. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 142. tuberculosis 143. Koch's postulates |
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148. What are two of Koch's Postulates |
1. the microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy people 2. the suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture |
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149. What are two more of Koch's Postulates |
3. the same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host 4. the same microorganism must be isolated from the diseased host |
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150. What are two limitations of Koch's Postulates |
1. some organisms can't be grown in pure culture (all viruses and some cellular) 2. using humans for the postulates is unethical |
