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101 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Anatomy
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Study of the organs and systems of the body
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Physiology
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The study of the functions that organs and systems perform
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Gross anatomy
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The study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
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Histology
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The study of structures seen through a microscope.
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Also known as microscopic anatomy
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Cells
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The basic units of living matter. Made from protoplasm containing three parts; nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane
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Protoplasm
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A gel like substance containing water, salt and other nutrients obtained from food.
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Nucleus
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Control center of all cell activity
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Cytoplasm
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Production department of the cell where most cell activity takes place
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Cell membrane
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Outer surface of the cell which encloses the protoplasm
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Anabolism
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The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. Phase that the body stores water, food and oxygen for when needed
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Catabolism
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The process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones. Cells release energy for performance, movement and digestion
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Metabolism
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The chemical process in which cells receive nutrients for growth and reproduction
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Epithelial tissue
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Tissue that covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs
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Connective tissue
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Tissue that supports, protects and holds the body together
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Nerve tissue
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Tissue that coordinates body functions in addition to carrying messages to and from the brain and spinal cord
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Muscular tissue
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Tissue that contracts when stimulated to produce motion
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Liquid tissue
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Tissue that carries foods, waste products and hormones
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Organs
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Separate body structures composed of two or more cells of a different tissue that perform specific functions.
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System
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A group of body structures and/or organs that perform one or more vital functions for the body
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Skeletal system
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The physical foundation of the body. Supports body by giving it shape and strength. Protects internal organs. Provides frame for muscles to attach while allowing body movement
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Joint
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The point at which two or more bones are joined together
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Osteology
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The study of the bone
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OS
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The technical term for bones
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Long bones
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Found in arms and legs
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Flat bones
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Plate shaped bones located in the skull
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Irregular bones
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Found in the wrist, ankle and spinal column
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Bone
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The hardest structure of the body composed of 2/3 mineral matter and 1/3 organic matter. Produces red and white blood cells and stores calcium
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Frontal bone
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Bone in skull that extends from the top of the head and forms the forehead
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Parietal bone
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Bones in skull that form the crown and upper sides of the head
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Occipital bone
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The bone that forms the back of the skull indenting above the nape area
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Temporal bone
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The two bones located on either side of the head, directly above the ears and below the parietal bone
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Mandible bone
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Lower jaw and largest facial bone
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Maxillae
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The two bones in the upper jaw
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Nasal bone
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The two bones which join to firm the bridge of the nose
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Zygomatic
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Two bones that form the upper cheek and bottom of eye socket
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Also known as malar bone
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Lacrimal
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Smallest two bones of facial structure. Form the front part of inner, bottom wall of eye socket
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Cervical vertebrae
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The seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column
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Hyoid
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U shaped bone referred to as the Adams apple located in the throat
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Scapula
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Large flat bone extending from the middle of the back upward to the joint where it attaches to the clavicle
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Clavicle
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Collarbone; from the throat to shoulder
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Humerus
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Largest bone of the upper arm, extends from the elbow to the shoulder
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Radius
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The small bone on the thumb side of the lower forearm
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Ulna
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The bone located in the little finger side of lower forearm
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Carpals
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The eight small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist.
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Metacarpals
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The five long, thin bones that form the palm of the hands
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Myology
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Study of muscles
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Muscles
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Fibrous tissues that contact when stimulated by messages carried by nervous system. Supports skeleton, movements and contours body
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Voluntary muscles
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Muscles respond to commands regulated by will
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Also known as striated
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Involuntary muscles
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Muscles respond automatically to control body functions and internal organs
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Also known as non-striated
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Muscle orgin
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The non moving portion of the muscle attached to bone or fixed muscle
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Epicranius
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Formed by two muscles called the frontalis and the occipital
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Frontalis
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Muscle extends from forehead to top of skull. It raises the eyebrows or draws scalp forward
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Occipitalis
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Muscle located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp back
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Corrugator
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The muscle that controls the eyebrows by drawing them in and downward
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palpebrae superioris
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Muscle that raises eyelids
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Orbicularis oculi
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Circles eye socket and closes eyelids
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Procerus
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Muscle located between eyebrows across bridge of nose and is responsible for drawing down and wrinkling nose
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Oris orbicularis
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Muscle that circles the mouth and is responsible for puckering, kissing and whistling
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Quadratus labii superioris
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Muscle located above upper lip. Raises the nostrils and upper lip
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Quadratus labii inferioris
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Muscle located below lower lip. Pulls lower lip down or to the side
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Mentalis
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Muscle located at the tip of the chin. Wrinkles chin and pushes lower lip up
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Risorius
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Muscles at corner of mouth, pulls mouth up and out for grinning
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Triangularis
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Muscles down on corner of mouth used for frowning
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Temporalis and Masseter
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Muscles used for chewing also known as mastication
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Sternocleido mastoideus
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Muscle used when nodding
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Pectoralis
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Muscle used to swing arms
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Supinator
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Muscle that turns up the palm of the hands
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Flexor
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Muscle that bends the wrist and closes the fingers
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Extensor
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Muscle that straightens the wrist and fingers
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Lymph
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Nourishes the parts of the body not reached by blood. Filters blood.
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Pericardium
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An encased membrane of the heart
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Blood
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Sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body bringing nourishment and oxygen to all body parts and carries toxins and waste to liver and kidneys to be eliminated
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White blood cells
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Cells that fight bacteria and other foreign substances
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Also known as leukocytes
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Thrombocytes
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Component of the blood that gives the body the ability to stop the flow of blood when a protective layer of skin is broken
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Plasma
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The fluid part of the blood where white and red blood platelets are suspended
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Arteries
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Thick walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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Veins
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Tubular, elastic, thin walled branching vessels that carry blood to the heart
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Common carotid arteries
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Supply blood to the face, head and neck
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Occipital artery
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Supplies blood to back of head
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External maxillary
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Artery that supplies blood to lower portion of the face, mouth and nose
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Angular artery
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Supplies blood to sides of nose
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Submental
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Artery that supplies blood to the chin and lower lip
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Inferior labial
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Artery that supplies blood to lower lip
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Superior labial
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Artery that supplies blood to the upper lip and septum
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Parietal
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Artery that supplies blood to the sides of head
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Supraorbital
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Artery that supplies blood to the forehead and eyes
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Lymph vascular
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System that displays localized swelling due to an infection
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Neurology
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Study of the nervous system
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Nervous system
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Made of three parts : central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system. Contains brain spinal cord and spinal cranial nerves
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Brain
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Largest nerve tissue in the body
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Nerve terminal
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Located at the end of each axon and responsible for sending messages away from the nerve cell in the form of impulses
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Nerve cell
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Neuron
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Sensory nerves
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Known as afferent nerves, carry messages to the brain and spinal cord
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Efferent nerves
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Known as motor nerves, carry messages from the brain to muscles
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Trifacial nerve
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Known as fifth cranial. Largest of the cranial nerves, responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain and help control chewing
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Ophthalmic branch
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The main nerve branch to the top 1/3 of the face
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Facial nerve
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The primary motor nerve of the face
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Infraoribital nerve
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Nerve that extends to the lower eyelids, side of nose, upper lip and mouth
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Zygomatic
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Facial nerve branch that extends to the upper muscles of the cheek
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Buccal
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Nerve that extends the mouth muscles
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Temporal
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Facial nerve branch that extends to the muscles of the temple, eyebrow, eyelids and upper cheek
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