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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA
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DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.
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Adhesion
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The attraction between different kinds of moleules
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carbohydrate
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a biological compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is an important source of food and energy
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Chitin
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A structural polysaccharide of an amino acid sugar found in many fungi and in the exoskeletons of all arthopods
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cohesion
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The binding together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds
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Compound
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A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
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condensation reaction
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A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a smaller molecule usually water also called dehydration reaction
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Controlled experiment
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An experiment in which an experimental group is compared to a control group that varies only in the factor being tested
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covalent bond
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A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons
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dehydration synthesis
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a chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules.
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double helix
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The form of native DNA referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape
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element
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any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
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gene
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A discreate unit of hereditary info. consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA
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glycogen
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an extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals
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hydrolysis
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a chemical process that lyses or splits molecules by the addition of water
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Ionic bond
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A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions
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monosaccharide
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the simplest carbohydrate active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides
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peptide bond
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The covalent bond between two ammino acid units formed by dehydration reaction
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polymer
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A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together
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polypeptide
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A polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
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primary structure
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the level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids
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protein
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A three dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids
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Ribose
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the sugar component of RNA
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starch
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A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose
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steriod
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a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached
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triglyceride
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natural fat in tissue: an ester formed from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids, considered to have adverse effects on human health when consumed in excessive amounts. Source: animal and plant fats and oils.
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